[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":220},["ShallowReactive",2],{"chapter:p4ch1:en":3,"chapters:p4:en":40},{"period":4,"chapter":14},{"id":5,"title":6,"titleEn":6,"titleEs":7,"range":8,"rangeEn":8,"rangeEs":8,"cover":9},"p4","Early Middle Ages","Alta Edad Media","476 → 987",{"fileName":10,"filePageUrl":11,"imageUrl":12,"sourceLabel":13},"François Louis Dejuinne 08265 baptême de CLovis.JPG","https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fran%C3%A7ois%20Louis%20Dejuinne%2008265%20bapt%C3%AAme%20de%20CLovis.JPG","/assets/p4-haut-moyen-age-cover.png","Wikimedia Commons",{"id":15,"title":16,"periodId":5,"html":17,"zooms":18,"thumbnailArtworkId":34,"hasEn":35,"isFallback":36,"coverFit":34,"coverPosition":34,"chronicle":37,"realm":34,"seoDescription":38,"thumbnailUrl":39},"p4ch1","Clovis: The King Who Forged Gaul","\u003Cp>When Clovis came to power, Gaul was no longer Roman. The Western Roman Empire had collapsed a few years earlier (476), leaving behind a fragmented territory.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cimg src=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/C._481_Gaule.jpg\" alt=\"Map of Gaul in 481\" class=\"kb-img-contain\">\n\u003Cem>Map of Gaul in 481 — Source: Wikimedia Commons\u003C/em>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Gaul had become a mosaic of barbarian kingdoms:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>the \u003Cstrong>Visigoths\u003C/strong> dominated the Southwest,\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>the \u003Cstrong>Burgundians\u003C/strong> controlled the Rhône valley,\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>the \u003Cstrong>Franks\u003C/strong> were settled in the North,\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>and some regions were still ruled by Gallo-Roman leaders, heirs of imperial administration.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Cp>Roman cities still survived, but they were now protected and organised by their \u003Cstrong>bishops\u003C/strong>, who became the central figures of local authority.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>In this unstable world, a young Frankish king would gradually turn a small northern kingdom into a dominant power: \u003Cstrong>Clovis\u003C/strong>.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cimg src=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/RiminaldiClovis.jpg\" alt=\"Clovis, king of the Salian Franks\" class=\"kb-img-contain\">\n\u003Cem>Clovis, painting by Riminaldi — Source: Wikimedia Commons\u003C/em>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>In a few decades, he managed to unite a large part of Gaul under his authority and lay the foundations of a kingdom that would endure for centuries.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>⏳ Quick timeline\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>481\u003C/strong>: Clovis becomes king of the Salian Franks.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>486\u003C/strong>: victory at Soissons against Syagrius, last representative of Roman power.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>c. 496\u003C/strong>: Clovis is baptised and draws closer to the Catholic Church.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>507\u003C/strong>: victory at Vouillé against the Visigoths.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>511\u003C/strong>: Clovis dies and the kingdom is divided among his sons.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🧬 Where did Clovis come from?\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>Clovis belonged to the \u003Cstrong>Merovingian dynasty\u003C/strong>, a line of Frankish kings named after a semi-legendary ancestor: Merovech.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>His father, \u003Cstrong>Childeric I\u003C/strong>, was king of the Salian Franks and an ally of the late Roman Empire. He controlled a region around \u003Cstrong>Tournai\u003C/strong> and commanded an effective army of Frankish warriors.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cimg src=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Les_Francs_en_Belgique_romaine.svg\" alt=\"The Franks in Roman Belgium\">\n\u003Cem>The Franks in Roman Belgium — Source: Wikimedia Commons\u003C/em>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>When Clovis inherited the throne in \u003Cstrong>481\u003C/strong>, he ruled only a limited territory in northern Gaul.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>But he had several advantages:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>A loyal, mobile army\u003C/strong>, made of warriors bound by personal loyalty.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>A strategic position\u003C/strong>, between Germanic kingdoms and wealthy Gallo-Roman cities.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Great political ambition\u003C/strong>, beyond that of other Frankish leaders.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Cp>His challenge was immense: governing a population that was largely \u003Cstrong>Gallo-Roman, Christian, and urbanised\u003C/strong>, very different from Frankish warriors.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>His method would be simple but effective:\u003C/p>\n\u003Col>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Impose himself through war\u003C/strong>\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Stabilise through alliances and institutions\u003C/strong>\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ol>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>⚔️ 486: Soissons, the end of the last “Roman”\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>In \u003Cstrong>486\u003C/strong>, Clovis confronted \u003Cstrong>Syagrius\u003C/strong>, a Gallo-Roman leader who still ruled a territory around Soissons.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Syagrius is often seen as the \u003Cstrong>last representative of Roman power in Gaul\u003C/strong>.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cimg src=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/L%27histoire_du_fort_roy_Clovis_5968.jpg\" alt=\"Coronation and siege of Soissons\">\n\u003Cem>Coronation and siege of Soissons — Source: Wikimedia Commons\u003C/em>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The battle of Soissons marked a major turning point:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Clovis won.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Syagrius fled to the Visigoths but was handed over to Clovis.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>The Frankish kingdom expanded as far as the Loire.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Cp>This victory gave Clovis:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>rich cities\u003C/strong>,\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Roman administrative cadres\u003C/strong>,\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>and the gradual support of local elites.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Cp>The message was clear:\u003Cbr>\na new power was now imposing itself in Gaul.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Gallo-Roman elites understood it was better to \u003Cstrong>cooperate with the Frankish king\u003C/strong> to preserve order and stability.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>🔍 \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"/en/zoom/p4ch1z4\">Zoom — The Vase of Soissons: a myth of royal authority\u003C/a>\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>⛪ The decisive choice: alliance with the Church\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>Clovis’s political genius did not rest only on military conquest.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>He quickly understood that \u003Cstrong>the Church was the most stable institution in post-Roman Gaul\u003C/strong>.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Bishops controlled:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>urban networks,\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>literate elites,\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>economic resources,\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>and moral authority over the population.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Cp>Unlike other barbarian kings, often \u003Cstrong>Arian\u003C/strong>, Clovis drew closer to \u003Cstrong>Catholic Christianity\u003C/strong>, the religion of the Gallo-Roman majority.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>This decision was also influenced by his wife:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Clotilde\u003C/strong>, a Burgundian Christian princess.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cimg src=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/ALAUX_Jean_Bapt%C3%AAme_de_Clovis_Huile_sur_toile.jpg\" alt=\"Baptism of Clovis\">\n\u003Cem>Baptism of Clovis — Source: Wikimedia Commons\u003C/em>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>His baptism became a founding moment:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Clovis became the first major barbarian king to adopt the Catholic faith.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>He drew closer to bishops and Gallo-Roman elites.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>He gained new political and religious legitimacy.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Cp>This choice would deeply shape the history of the French monarchy.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>🔍 \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"/en/zoom/p4ch1z1\">Zoom — The baptism of Clovis: a political decision\u003C/a>\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🏹 Conquer to endure: from Tolbiac to Vouillé\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>To maintain his authority, Clovis also had to prove he was \u003Cstrong>the most powerful of the barbarian kings\u003C/strong>.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch3>Tolbiac\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cp>Clovis fought the \u003Cstrong>Alamanni\u003C/strong>, a Germanic people threatening his kingdom’s borders.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cimg src=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Octave_Tassaert_-_Clovis_at_the_Battle_of_Tolbiac.jpg\" alt=\"Clovis at the Battle of Tolbiac\">\n\u003Cem>Clovis at the Battle of Tolbiac — Source: Wikimedia Commons\u003C/em>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>According to the tradition reported by \u003Cstrong>Gregory of Tours\u003C/strong>, Clovis vowed to convert to Christianity if he won the battle.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The victory at Tolbiac strengthened his military prestige and fuelled the image of a king supported by the Christian God.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>🔍 \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"/en/zoom/p4ch1z2\">Zoom — Tolbiac: the king’s vow\u003C/a>\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch3>507: Vouillé, the battle for Aquitaine\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cp>Clovis then fought the \u003Cstrong>Visigoths\u003C/strong>, who dominated the southwest of Gaul.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The battle of \u003Cstrong>Vouillé\u003C/strong> was decisive:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>the Visigothic king \u003Cstrong>Alaric II\u003C/strong> was killed,\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>the Visigothic army was defeated,\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Clovis seized Aquitaine.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cimg src=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Clovis_tue_Alaric_II.jpg\" alt=\"Clovis kills Alaric II\">\n\u003Cem>Clovis kills Alaric II — Source: Wikimedia Commons\u003C/em>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>This victory brought the Frankish kingdom closer to the great southern cities and greatly increased its prestige.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The Byzantine emperor even recognised Clovis as an \u003Cstrong>honorary consul\u003C/strong>, a sign of international status.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>🔍 \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"/en/zoom/p4ch1z3\">Zoom — Vouillé: the battle for Aquitaine\u003C/a>\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🏛️ Ruling a kingdom: law, cities, legacy\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>Clovis did not yet create “France” in the modern sense.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>But he founded a kingdom that combined \u003Cstrong>Roman heritage and Frankish power\u003C/strong>.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch3>Roman continuity\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cp>Cities, bishops, and some Roman administrative structures continued to exist.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Bishops became essential partners of royal power.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch3>Law\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cp>To govern a vast and diverse territory, rules were needed.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>It was in this period that some Frankish customs were written down, including the famous:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Salic Law\u003C/strong>.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>It set rules concerning:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>inheritance,\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>judicial compensation,\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>social organisation.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch3>Paris, centre of power\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cp>Clovis chose \u003Cstrong>Paris\u003C/strong> as his main residence.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The city became a strategic centre for controlling northern Gaul.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>It would remain one of the main political centres of the Frankish kingdom.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch3>The price of tradition\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cp>At his death in \u003Cstrong>511\u003C/strong>, the kingdom was divided among his sons according to Frankish tradition.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>This division weakened political unity.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Yet despite these fractures, Clovis’s work endured:\u003Cbr>\nthe Frankish kingdom remained the dominant power in Gaul.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>🔍 \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"/en/zoom/p4ch1z5\">Zoom — Salic Law: rule and kingdom\u003C/a>\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🧠 Key takeaways\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>481–511\u003C/strong>: reign of Clovis.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>486\u003C/strong>: Soissons, end of the last Roman power in the North.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Decisive alliance\u003C/strong>: the Church became a partner of Frankish power.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>507\u003C/strong>: victory at Vouillé against the Visigoths.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Legacy\u003C/strong>: a vast and powerful kingdom — but divided among heirs.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Cp>Clovis did not yet found France,\u003Cbr>\nbut he created the kingdom that would become its matrix.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>📸 Image credits\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Portrait of Clovis — François-Louis Dejuinne, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Map of Gaul — Romain0, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Clovis, king of the Salian Franks — Orazio Riminaldi, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>The Franks in Roman Belgium — Odejea, CC BY-SA 3.0 \u003Ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0\">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0\u003C/a>, via Wikimedia Commons\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Coronation and siege of Soissons — Garitan, CC BY-SA 3.0 \u003Ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0\">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0\u003C/a>, via Wikimedia Commons\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Baptism of Clovis — Jean Alaux, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Clovis at the Battle of Tolbiac — Octave Tassaert, CC BY-SA 3.0 \u003Ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0\">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0\u003C/a>, via Wikimedia Commons\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Clovis kills Alaric II — \u003Ca href=\"http://www.bnf.fr\">http://www.bnf.fr\u003C/a> Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n",[19,22,25,28,31],{"id":20,"title":21},"p4ch1z1","The Baptism of Clovis: A Political Decision",{"id":23,"title":24},"p4ch1z2","Tolbiac: The King’s Vow",{"id":26,"title":27},"p4ch1z3","Vouillé: The Battle for Aquitaine",{"id":29,"title":30},"p4ch1z4","The Vase of Soissons: A Myth of Royal Authority",{"id":32,"title":33},"p4ch1z5","Salic Law: Rule and Kingdom","",true,false,"481 à 511","Le premier grand roi franc et l'unification de la Gaule. When Clovis came to power, Gaul was no longer Roman. The Western Roman Empire had collapsed a few","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch1.jpg",{"period":41,"chapters":45},{"id":5,"title":6,"titleEn":6,"titleEs":7,"range":8,"rangeEn":8,"rangeEs":8,"cover":42,"coverArtworkId":44},{"fileName":34,"filePageUrl":34,"imageUrl":43,"sourceLabel":34},"/assets/carousels/p4/Alma-Tadema The Education of the Children of Clovis.jpg","alma-tadema-the-education-of-the-children-of-clovis",[46,48,55,62,68,74,80,86,93,99,106,112,118,124,130,136,142,148,154,160,166,172,178,184,190,196,202,208,214],{"id":15,"title":16,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":39,"thumbnailArtworkId":34,"hasEn":35,"isFallback":36,"teaser":47,"coverFit":34,"coverPosition":34,"chronicle":37,"realm":34,"ready":35},"Le premier grand roi franc et l'unification de la Gaule.",{"id":49,"title":50,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":51,"thumbnailArtworkId":34,"hasEn":35,"isFallback":36,"teaser":52,"coverFit":34,"coverPosition":34,"chronicle":53,"realm":54,"ready":35},"p4ch2","Theuderic I: Heir of the East (Austrasia)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch2.jpg","Le partage de 511 et la naissance de l'Austrasie.","511 à 534","Austrasie",{"id":56,"title":57,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":58,"thumbnailArtworkId":34,"hasEn":35,"isFallback":36,"teaser":59,"coverFit":34,"coverPosition":34,"chronicle":60,"realm":61,"ready":35},"p4ch2b","Clodomir: Orléans and the Burgundian War","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch2b.png","Division of the Frankish kingdom after the death of Clovis — Source: Wikimedia Commons","511 à 524","Orléans",{"id":63,"title":64,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":65,"thumbnailArtworkId":34,"hasEn":35,"isFallback":36,"teaser":59,"coverFit":34,"coverPosition":34,"chronicle":66,"realm":67,"ready":35},"p4ch2c","Childebert I: Paris, Alliances, and Expansion","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch2c.jpg","511 à 558","Paris",{"id":69,"title":70,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":71,"thumbnailArtworkId":34,"hasEn":35,"isFallback":36,"teaser":72,"coverFit":34,"coverPosition":34,"chronicle":73,"realm":54,"ready":35},"p4ch3","Theudebert I: Austrasia’s King Looking Toward Rome","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch3.png","Un roi d'Austrasie, entre Méditerranée, monnaie et ambitions italiennes.","534 à 548",{"id":75,"title":76,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":77,"thumbnailArtworkId":34,"hasEn":35,"isFallback":36,"teaser":78,"coverFit":34,"coverPosition":34,"chronicle":79,"realm":54,"ready":35},"p4ch3b","Theudebald: A Brief Reign in Austrasia","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch3b.png","The Frankish kingdom in 548 — Source: Wikimedia Commons","548 à 555",{"id":81,"title":82,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":83,"thumbnailArtworkId":34,"hasEn":35,"isFallback":36,"teaser":84,"coverFit":34,"coverPosition":34,"chronicle":85,"realm":34,"ready":35},"p4ch4","Chlothar I: The Last Son of Clovis","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch4.jpg","Rivalités mérovingiennes et retour au royaume unique (558).","511 à 561",{"id":87,"title":88,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":89,"thumbnailArtworkId":34,"hasEn":35,"isFallback":36,"teaser":90,"coverFit":34,"coverPosition":34,"chronicle":91,"realm":92,"ready":35},"p4ch5","Chilperic I: Ambition and the Royal Feud","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch5.jpg","Les luttes de pouvoir et la rivalité Frédégonde-Brunehaut après 561.","561 à 584","Neustrie",{"id":94,"title":95,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":96,"thumbnailArtworkId":34,"hasEn":35,"isFallback":36,"teaser":97,"coverFit":34,"coverPosition":34,"chronicle":98,"realm":54,"ready":35},"p4ch5b","Sigebert I: Austrasia and the Brothers’ War","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch5b.jpg","In 561 , King Chlothar I , the last son of Clovis , died. As in the previous generation, his kingdom was divided among his sons.","561 à 575",{"id":100,"title":101,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":102,"thumbnailArtworkId":34,"hasEn":35,"isFallback":36,"teaser":103,"coverFit":34,"coverPosition":34,"chronicle":104,"realm":105,"ready":35},"p4ch5c","Guntram: Burgundy and Merovingian Arbitration","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch5c.jpg","After King Chlothar I died in 561 , the Frankish kingdom was once again divided among his sons.","561 à 592","Bourgogne",{"id":107,"title":108,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":109,"thumbnailArtworkId":34,"hasEn":35,"isFallback":36,"teaser":110,"coverFit":34,"coverPosition":34,"chronicle":111,"realm":67,"ready":35},"p4ch5d","Charibert I: Paris and a Brief Reign","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch5d.png","In 561 , after King Chlothar I died, the Frankish kingdom was divided among his sons according to Merovingian tradition.","561 à 567",{"id":113,"title":114,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":115,"thumbnailArtworkId":34,"hasEn":35,"isFallback":36,"teaser":116,"coverFit":34,"coverPosition":34,"chronicle":117,"realm":34,"ready":35},"p4ch6","Chlothar II: The Survivor and the Unifier","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch6.png","La fin de la Faide royale et la réunification du royaume franc.","584 à 629",{"id":119,"title":120,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":121,"thumbnailArtworkId":34,"hasEn":35,"isFallback":36,"teaser":122,"coverFit":34,"coverPosition":34,"chronicle":123,"realm":34,"ready":35},"p4ch7","Dagobert I: The Last Great Merovingian King","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch7.png","L'âge d'or mérovingien, Saint Éloi et la fondation de Saint-Denis.","629 à 639",{"id":125,"title":126,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":127,"thumbnailArtworkId":34,"hasEn":35,"isFallback":36,"teaser":128,"coverFit":34,"coverPosition":34,"chronicle":129,"realm":34,"ready":35},"p4ch8","The Mayors of the Palace: Power Shifts (639–687)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch8.jpg","Après Dagobert, la réalité du pouvoir passe aux maires du palais.","639 à 687",{"id":131,"title":132,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":133,"thumbnailArtworkId":34,"hasEn":35,"isFallback":36,"teaser":134,"coverFit":34,"coverPosition":34,"chronicle":135,"realm":34,"ready":35},"p4ch9","Pepin of Herstal: Prince of the Franks (687–714)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch9.png","Après Tertry, Pépin de Herstal gouverne comme l'homme fort du royaume.","687 à 714",{"id":137,"title":138,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":139,"thumbnailArtworkId":34,"hasEn":35,"isFallback":36,"teaser":140,"coverFit":34,"coverPosition":34,"chronicle":141,"realm":34,"ready":35},"p4ch10","Charles Martel: Ruling Without a Crown (714–741)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch10.png","Après 714, Charles Martel devient l'homme fort du royaume franc.","714 à 741",{"id":143,"title":144,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":145,"thumbnailArtworkId":34,"hasEn":35,"isFallback":36,"teaser":146,"coverFit":34,"coverPosition":34,"chronicle":147,"realm":34,"ready":35},"p4ch11","Pepin the Short: From Real Power to the Crown (741–768)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch11.png","Après 741, Pépin transforme le pouvoir pépinide en royauté.","741 à 768",{"id":149,"title":150,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":151,"thumbnailArtworkId":34,"hasEn":35,"isFallback":36,"teaser":152,"coverFit":34,"coverPosition":34,"chronicle":153,"realm":34,"ready":35},"p4ch12","Charlemagne: Inherit, Conquer, Scale Up (768–814)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch12.png","Après 768, Charlemagne unifie le pouvoir et change d’échelle.","768 à 814",{"id":155,"title":156,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":157,"thumbnailArtworkId":34,"hasEn":35,"isFallback":36,"teaser":158,"coverFit":34,"coverPosition":34,"chronicle":159,"realm":34,"ready":35},"p4ch13","Louis the Pious: The Empire Put to the Test (814–840)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch13.png","À partir de 814, Louis le Pieux tente de maintenir l’unité impériale face aux crises successorales.","814 à 840",{"id":161,"title":162,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":163,"thumbnailArtworkId":34,"hasEn":35,"isFallback":36,"teaser":164,"coverFit":34,"coverPosition":34,"chronicle":165,"realm":34,"ready":35},"p4ch14","Charles the Bald: The Birth of West Francia (840–877)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch14.png","Après 840, la Francie occidentale se stabilise entre guerre civile, Vikings et pouvoirs locaux.","840 à 877",{"id":167,"title":168,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":169,"thumbnailArtworkId":34,"hasEn":35,"isFallback":36,"teaser":170,"coverFit":34,"coverPosition":34,"chronicle":171,"realm":34,"ready":35},"p4ch15","Louis the Stammerer: A Short Reign, a Fragile Kingdom (877–879)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch15.png","Après 877, Louis le Bègue hérite d’un royaume fragilisé et doit composer avec les grands.","877 à 879",{"id":173,"title":174,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":175,"thumbnailArtworkId":34,"hasEn":35,"isFallback":36,"teaser":176,"coverFit":34,"coverPosition":34,"chronicle":177,"realm":34,"ready":35},"p4ch16","Louis III and Carloman II: Two Kings Facing the Vikings (879–884)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch16.jpg","Après 879, deux rois et un royaume sous pression viking ; le pouvoir se joue aussi chez les grands.","879 à 884",{"id":179,"title":180,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":181,"thumbnailArtworkId":34,"hasEn":35,"isFallback":36,"teaser":182,"coverFit":34,"coverPosition":34,"chronicle":183,"realm":34,"ready":35},"p4ch17","Charles the Fat: Carolingian Unity and the Crisis of Power (884–888)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch17.jpg","Le siège de Paris (885–886) met à nu la crise du pouvoir carolingien, jusqu’à la rupture de 887–888.","884 à 888",{"id":185,"title":186,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":187,"thumbnailArtworkId":34,"hasEn":35,"isFallback":36,"teaser":188,"coverFit":34,"coverPosition":34,"chronicle":189,"realm":34,"ready":35},"p4ch18","Odo: The Robertian King and the War of Prestige (888–898)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch18.jpg","Eudes impose une royauté robertienne par sacres, alliances et victoires, face à Charles le Simple.","888 à 898",{"id":191,"title":192,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":193,"thumbnailArtworkId":34,"hasEn":35,"isFallback":36,"teaser":194,"coverFit":34,"coverPosition":34,"chronicle":195,"realm":34,"ready":35},"p4ch19","Charles the Simple: Norman Compromise, Imperial Ambitions, and Fall (898–929)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch19.jpg","Retour carolingien : compromis de 911, axe lotharingien, ambitions impériales, puis déposition et captivité.","898 à 929",{"id":197,"title":198,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":199,"thumbnailArtworkId":34,"hasEn":35,"isFallback":36,"teaser":200,"coverFit":34,"coverPosition":34,"chronicle":201,"realm":34,"ready":35},"p4ch20","Robert I: The Robertian King of Civil War (922–923)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch20.jpg","Règne bref et décisif : sacre de 922, guerre civile, mort à Soissons et transition vers Raoul.","922 à 923",{"id":203,"title":204,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":205,"thumbnailArtworkId":34,"hasEn":35,"isFallback":36,"teaser":206,"coverFit":34,"coverPosition":34,"chronicle":207,"realm":34,"ready":35},"p4ch21","Rudolph of Burgundy: King of the Franks Between Princes and Normans (923–936)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch21.jpg","Règne de Raoul : arbitrer entre princes, stabiliser la Normandie, puis succession carolingienne (936).","923 à 936",{"id":209,"title":210,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":211,"thumbnailArtworkId":34,"hasEn":35,"isFallback":36,"teaser":212,"coverFit":34,"coverPosition":34,"chronicle":213,"realm":34,"ready":35},"p4ch22","Louis IV \\\"d’Outremer\\\": Carolingian Return and the Princes’ War (936–954)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch22.jpg","Restauration carolingienne : rivalité avec Hugues le Grand, crise lotharingienne, capture de 945, puis consolidation.","936 à 954",{"id":215,"title":216,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":217,"thumbnailArtworkId":34,"hasEn":35,"isFallback":36,"teaser":218,"coverFit":34,"coverPosition":34,"chronicle":219,"realm":34,"ready":35},"p4ch23","Lothair and Louis V: The End of the Carolingians (954–987)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch23.jpg","Lothaire et Louis V : guerre avec l’Empire, crise lotharingienne, mort de 987 et bascule capétienne.","954 à 987",1778543068432]