[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":217},["ShallowReactive",2],{"chapter:p4ch20:en":3,"chapters:p4:en":37},{"period":4,"chapter":14},{"id":5,"title":6,"titleEn":6,"titleEs":7,"range":8,"rangeEn":8,"rangeEs":8,"cover":9},"p4","Early Middle Ages","Alta Edad Media","476 → 987",{"fileName":10,"filePageUrl":11,"imageUrl":12,"sourceLabel":13},"François Louis Dejuinne 08265 baptême de CLovis.JPG","https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fran%C3%A7ois%20Louis%20Dejuinne%2008265%20bapt%C3%AAme%20de%20CLovis.JPG","/assets/p4-haut-moyen-age-cover.png","Wikimedia Commons",{"id":15,"title":16,"periodId":5,"html":17,"zooms":18,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":34,"realm":31,"seoDescription":35,"thumbnailUrl":36},"p4ch20","Robert I: The Robertian King of Civil War (922–923)","\u003Cp>In \u003Cstrong>922\u003C/strong>, the political crisis opposing \u003Cstrong>Charles the Simple\u003C/strong> to part of the Frankish aristocracy reaches a breaking point. A coalition of great princes and counts decides to depose the Carolingian king and raise in his place a member of another great family: \u003Cstrong>Robert I\u003C/strong>, brother of King \u003Cstrong>Odo\u003C/strong> and head of the powerful \u003Cstrong>Robertian\u003C/strong> line.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The gesture is heavy with meaning. For the second time in a generation, the crown escapes a Carolingian. This does not mean Charlemagne’s dynasty has vanished, but it shows kingship is no longer only inheritance: it now depends on the \u003Cstrong>consent and support of the kingdom’s great men\u003C/strong>.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Robert is proclaimed king on \u003Cstrong>29 June 922\u003C/strong> and anointed on \u003Cstrong>30 June\u003C/strong> at \u003Cstrong>Reims\u003C/strong>, a major place of royal legitimacy. Yet his power remains fragile. Charles the Simple is still alive and keeps supporters, especially in \u003Cstrong>Lotharingia\u003C/strong>. The kingdom then enters \u003Cstrong>open civil war\u003C/strong>.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>🔍 \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"/en/zoom/p4ch20z1\">Zoom – 922: election and anointing of Robert I\u003C/a>\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🧩 Governing through alliances and territories\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>Robert I’s reign is extremely brief, but it illustrates how monarchy works at this time.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The king does not govern alone: his authority rests on an \u003Cstrong>aristocratic alliance network\u003C/strong>. His main supporters include:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Hugh the Great\u003C/strong>, his son and heir to Robertian power;\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Rudolph of Burgundy\u003C/strong>, duke of Burgundy and Robert’s son‑in‑law;\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>several great northern counts.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Cp>In this fragile monarchy, power is played out in strategic places:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Reims\u003C/strong>, religious and symbolic centre of anointing;\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Laon\u003C/strong>, a royal fortress controlling northern routes;\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>rich abbeys\u003C/strong>, concentrating economic resources and religious prestige.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Cp>Controlling these places means controlling political authority. Great aristocratic families use these resources to consolidate influence and support or overthrow kings.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Meanwhile, \u003Cstrong>Charles the Simple\u003C/strong> does not renounce power. Taking refuge in \u003Cstrong>Lotharingia\u003C/strong>, he gathers supporters and prepares a return. The kingdom divides between two rival camps.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>🔍 \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"/en/zoom/p4ch20z2\">Zoom – 923: war in Lotharingia and an impossible balance\u003C/a>\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>⚔️ 15 June 923: the battle of Soissons\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>The conflict reaches its peak in \u003Cstrong>923\u003C/strong>.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Charles the Simple manages to gather an army and marches into West Francia. The two camps meet near \u003Cstrong>Soissons\u003C/strong>, on the banks of the \u003Cstrong>Aisne\u003C/strong>.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The battle takes place on \u003Cstrong>15 June 923\u003C/strong>.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The first charges seem favourable to Robert’s camp. But the fight quickly turns chaotic: \u003Cstrong>Robert I is killed in the mêlée\u003C/strong>, struck down amid the fighting.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The king’s death could have caused his side to collapse. Yet the Robertians continue. Reinforcements led by \u003Cstrong>Herbert II of Vermandois\u003C/strong> ultimately push back Charles’s forces.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The battle of Soissons therefore does not end the war, but it radically changes the political situation: \u003Cstrong>the king is dead, yet his camp still holds power\u003C/strong>.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>🔍 \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"/en/zoom/p4ch20z3\">Zoom – 923: Soissons and the end of Robert’s reign\u003C/a>\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>👑 Summer 923: Rudolph elected king, Charles captured\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>After Robert’s death, the great men must quickly find a new solution. Robert’s son \u003Cstrong>Hugh the Great\u003C/strong> is still young and prefers to remain the kingdom’s strongman rather than wear the crown himself.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The aristocratic coalition chooses a compromise: \u003Cstrong>Rudolph of Burgundy\u003C/strong>, duke of Burgundy and Robert’s son‑in‑law.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Rudolph is proclaimed king and anointed on \u003Cstrong>13 July 923\u003C/strong> at the abbey of \u003Cstrong>Saint‑Médard of Soissons\u003C/strong>.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Meanwhile, Charles the Simple tries to regain initiative. But a decisive event ends his immediate ambitions: he is captured on \u003Cstrong>17 July 923\u003C/strong> by \u003Cstrong>Herbert II of Vermandois\u003C/strong>, one of the most powerful princes in the kingdom’s North.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Charles is imprisoned in the fortress of \u003Cstrong>Péronne\u003C/strong>, where he remains for many years.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Civil war does not disappear overnight, but the balance of forces changes deeply: Charles’s captivity deprives the Carolingians of a leader and allows King Rudolph to consolidate power progressively.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>🔍 \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"/en/zoom/p4ch20z4\">Zoom – Summer 923: from Robert to Rudolph, and Charles’s capture\u003C/a>\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🧠 Key takeaways\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>922\u003C/strong>: Charles the Simple is deposed and \u003Cstrong>Robert I\u003C/strong> elected by a coalition of great men.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>922–923\u003C/strong>: the kingdom is plunged into \u003Cstrong>civil war\u003C/strong> between Robertians and Carolingians.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>15 June 923\u003C/strong>: battle of \u003Cstrong>Soissons\u003C/strong>; Robert is killed but his camp keeps the advantage.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>13 July 923\u003C/strong>: \u003Cstrong>Rudolph of Burgundy\u003C/strong> is chosen as king.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>17 July 923\u003C/strong>: \u003Cstrong>Charles the Simple is captured\u003C/strong>, durably transforming political balance.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>Image credits\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Portrait of Robert I — Bibliothèque municipale de Besançon, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n",[19,22,25,28],{"id":20,"title":21},"p4ch20z1","922: Election and Anointing of Robert I",{"id":23,"title":24},"p4ch20z2","923: War in Lotharingia and an Impossible Balance",{"id":26,"title":27},"p4ch20z3","923: Soissons and the End of Robert’s Reign",{"id":29,"title":30},"p4ch20z4","Summer 923: From Robert to Rudolph, and the Capture of Charles","",true,false,"922 à 923","Règne bref et décisif : sacre de 922, guerre civile, mort à Soissons et transition vers Raoul. In 922 , the political crisis opposing Charles the Simple to","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch20.jpg",{"period":38,"chapters":42},{"id":5,"title":6,"titleEn":6,"titleEs":7,"range":8,"rangeEn":8,"rangeEs":8,"cover":39,"coverArtworkId":41},{"fileName":31,"filePageUrl":31,"imageUrl":40,"sourceLabel":31},"/assets/carousels/p4/Alma-Tadema The Education of the Children of Clovis.jpg","alma-tadema-the-education-of-the-children-of-clovis",[43,49,56,63,69,75,81,87,94,100,107,113,119,125,131,137,143,149,155,161,167,173,179,185,191,197,199,205,211],{"id":44,"title":45,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":46,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":47,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":48,"realm":31,"ready":32},"p4ch1","Clovis: The King Who Forged Gaul","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch1.jpg","Le premier grand roi franc et l'unification de la Gaule.","481 à 511",{"id":50,"title":51,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":52,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":53,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":54,"realm":55,"ready":32},"p4ch2","Theuderic I: Heir of the East (Austrasia)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch2.jpg","Le partage de 511 et la naissance de l'Austrasie.","511 à 534","Austrasie",{"id":57,"title":58,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":59,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":60,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":61,"realm":62,"ready":32},"p4ch2b","Clodomir: Orléans and the Burgundian War","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch2b.png","Division of the Frankish kingdom after the death of Clovis — Source: Wikimedia Commons","511 à 524","Orléans",{"id":64,"title":65,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":66,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":60,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":67,"realm":68,"ready":32},"p4ch2c","Childebert I: Paris, Alliances, and Expansion","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch2c.jpg","511 à 558","Paris",{"id":70,"title":71,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":72,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":73,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":74,"realm":55,"ready":32},"p4ch3","Theudebert I: Austrasia’s King Looking Toward Rome","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch3.png","Un roi d'Austrasie, entre Méditerranée, monnaie et ambitions italiennes.","534 à 548",{"id":76,"title":77,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":78,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":79,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":80,"realm":55,"ready":32},"p4ch3b","Theudebald: A Brief Reign in Austrasia","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch3b.png","The Frankish kingdom in 548 — Source: Wikimedia Commons","548 à 555",{"id":82,"title":83,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":84,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":85,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":86,"realm":31,"ready":32},"p4ch4","Chlothar I: The Last Son of Clovis","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch4.jpg","Rivalités mérovingiennes et retour au royaume unique (558).","511 à 561",{"id":88,"title":89,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":90,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":91,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":92,"realm":93,"ready":32},"p4ch5","Chilperic I: Ambition and the Royal Feud","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch5.jpg","Les luttes de pouvoir et la rivalité Frédégonde-Brunehaut après 561.","561 à 584","Neustrie",{"id":95,"title":96,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":97,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":98,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":99,"realm":55,"ready":32},"p4ch5b","Sigebert I: Austrasia and the Brothers’ War","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch5b.jpg","In 561 , King Chlothar I , the last son of Clovis , died. As in the previous generation, his kingdom was divided among his sons.","561 à 575",{"id":101,"title":102,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":103,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":104,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":105,"realm":106,"ready":32},"p4ch5c","Guntram: Burgundy and Merovingian Arbitration","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch5c.jpg","After King Chlothar I died in 561 , the Frankish kingdom was once again divided among his sons.","561 à 592","Bourgogne",{"id":108,"title":109,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":110,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":111,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":112,"realm":68,"ready":32},"p4ch5d","Charibert I: Paris and a Brief Reign","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch5d.png","In 561 , after King Chlothar I died, the Frankish kingdom was divided among his sons according to Merovingian tradition.","561 à 567",{"id":114,"title":115,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":116,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":117,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":118,"realm":31,"ready":32},"p4ch6","Chlothar II: The Survivor and the Unifier","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch6.png","La fin de la Faide royale et la réunification du royaume franc.","584 à 629",{"id":120,"title":121,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":122,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":123,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":124,"realm":31,"ready":32},"p4ch7","Dagobert I: The Last Great Merovingian King","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch7.png","L'âge d'or mérovingien, Saint Éloi et la fondation de Saint-Denis.","629 à 639",{"id":126,"title":127,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":128,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":129,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":130,"realm":31,"ready":32},"p4ch8","The Mayors of the Palace: Power Shifts (639–687)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch8.jpg","Après Dagobert, la réalité du pouvoir passe aux maires du palais.","639 à 687",{"id":132,"title":133,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":134,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":135,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":136,"realm":31,"ready":32},"p4ch9","Pepin of Herstal: Prince of the Franks (687–714)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch9.png","Après Tertry, Pépin de Herstal gouverne comme l'homme fort du royaume.","687 à 714",{"id":138,"title":139,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":140,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":141,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":142,"realm":31,"ready":32},"p4ch10","Charles Martel: Ruling Without a Crown (714–741)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch10.png","Après 714, Charles Martel devient l'homme fort du royaume franc.","714 à 741",{"id":144,"title":145,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":146,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":147,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":148,"realm":31,"ready":32},"p4ch11","Pepin the Short: From Real Power to the Crown (741–768)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch11.png","Après 741, Pépin transforme le pouvoir pépinide en royauté.","741 à 768",{"id":150,"title":151,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":152,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":153,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":154,"realm":31,"ready":32},"p4ch12","Charlemagne: Inherit, Conquer, Scale Up (768–814)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch12.png","Après 768, Charlemagne unifie le pouvoir et change d’échelle.","768 à 814",{"id":156,"title":157,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":158,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":159,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":160,"realm":31,"ready":32},"p4ch13","Louis the Pious: The Empire Put to the Test (814–840)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch13.png","À partir de 814, Louis le Pieux tente de maintenir l’unité impériale face aux crises successorales.","814 à 840",{"id":162,"title":163,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":164,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":165,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":166,"realm":31,"ready":32},"p4ch14","Charles the Bald: The Birth of West Francia (840–877)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch14.png","Après 840, la Francie occidentale se stabilise entre guerre civile, Vikings et pouvoirs locaux.","840 à 877",{"id":168,"title":169,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":170,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":171,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":172,"realm":31,"ready":32},"p4ch15","Louis the Stammerer: A Short Reign, a Fragile Kingdom (877–879)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch15.png","Après 877, Louis le Bègue hérite d’un royaume fragilisé et doit composer avec les grands.","877 à 879",{"id":174,"title":175,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":176,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":177,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":178,"realm":31,"ready":32},"p4ch16","Louis III and Carloman II: Two Kings Facing the Vikings (879–884)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch16.jpg","Après 879, deux rois et un royaume sous pression viking ; le pouvoir se joue aussi chez les grands.","879 à 884",{"id":180,"title":181,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":182,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":183,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":184,"realm":31,"ready":32},"p4ch17","Charles the Fat: Carolingian Unity and the Crisis of Power (884–888)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch17.jpg","Le siège de Paris (885–886) met à nu la crise du pouvoir carolingien, jusqu’à la rupture de 887–888.","884 à 888",{"id":186,"title":187,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":188,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":189,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":190,"realm":31,"ready":32},"p4ch18","Odo: The Robertian King and the War of Prestige (888–898)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch18.jpg","Eudes impose une royauté robertienne par sacres, alliances et victoires, face à Charles le Simple.","888 à 898",{"id":192,"title":193,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":194,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":195,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":196,"realm":31,"ready":32},"p4ch19","Charles the Simple: Norman Compromise, Imperial Ambitions, and Fall (898–929)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch19.jpg","Retour carolingien : compromis de 911, axe lotharingien, ambitions impériales, puis déposition et captivité.","898 à 929",{"id":15,"title":16,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":36,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":198,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":34,"realm":31,"ready":32},"Règne bref et décisif : sacre de 922, guerre civile, mort à Soissons et transition vers Raoul.",{"id":200,"title":201,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":202,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":203,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":204,"realm":31,"ready":32},"p4ch21","Rudolph of Burgundy: King of the Franks Between Princes and Normans (923–936)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch21.jpg","Règne de Raoul : arbitrer entre princes, stabiliser la Normandie, puis succession carolingienne (936).","923 à 936",{"id":206,"title":207,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":208,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":209,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":210,"realm":31,"ready":32},"p4ch22","Louis IV \\\"d’Outremer\\\": Carolingian Return and the Princes’ War (936–954)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch22.jpg","Restauration carolingienne : rivalité avec Hugues le Grand, crise lotharingienne, capture de 945, puis consolidation.","936 à 954",{"id":212,"title":213,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":214,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":215,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":216,"realm":31,"ready":32},"p4ch23","Lothair and Louis V: The End of the Carolingians (954–987)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch23.jpg","Lothaire et Louis V : guerre avec l’Empire, crise lotharingienne, mort de 987 et bascule capétienne.","954 à 987",1778543069719]