[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":205},["ShallowReactive",2],{"chapter:p4ch5c:en":3,"chapters:p4:en":26},{"period":4,"chapter":14},{"id":5,"title":6,"titleEn":6,"titleEs":7,"range":8,"rangeEn":8,"rangeEs":8,"cover":9},"p4","Early Middle Ages","Alta Edad Media","476 → 987",{"fileName":10,"filePageUrl":11,"imageUrl":12,"sourceLabel":13},"François Louis Dejuinne 08265 baptême de CLovis.JPG","https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fran%C3%A7ois%20Louis%20Dejuinne%2008265%20bapt%C3%AAme%20de%20CLovis.JPG","/assets/p4-haut-moyen-age-cover.png","Wikimedia Commons",{"id":15,"title":16,"periodId":5,"html":17,"zooms":18,"thumbnailArtworkId":19,"hasEn":20,"isFallback":21,"coverFit":19,"coverPosition":19,"chronicle":22,"realm":23,"seoDescription":24,"thumbnailUrl":25},"p4ch5c","Guntram: Burgundy and Merovingian Arbitration","\u003Cp>After King \u003Cstrong>Chlothar I\u003C/strong> died in \u003Cstrong>561\u003C/strong>, the Frankish kingdom was once again divided among his sons.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Among them, \u003Cstrong>Guntram\u003C/strong> received \u003Cstrong>Burgundy\u003C/strong>, a vast territory between the valleys of the \u003Cstrong>Saône\u003C/strong>, the \u003Cstrong>Rhône\u003C/strong>, and the \u003Cstrong>Loire\u003C/strong>.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>His reign lasted more than \u003Cstrong>thirty years (561 → 592)\u003C/strong>, making it one of the longest of the Merovingian period.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Unlike his brothers, often engaged in brutal wars, Guntram appears in the sources as a more \u003Cstrong>cautious\u003C/strong> king, seeking to maintain balance among the Frankish kingdoms.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cimg src=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Le_royaume_des_Francs_en_561.svg\" alt=\"The kingdom of the Franks in 561\">\n\u003Cem>The kingdom of the Franks in 561 — Source: Wikimedia Commons\u003C/em>\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch2>🗺️ Burgundy: a strategic kingdom\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>Burgundy had several strengths.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cimg src=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/Premier_royaume_de_bourgogne.png\" alt=\"The kingdom of Burgundy\">\n\u003Cem>The kingdom of Burgundy — Source: Wikimedia Commons\u003C/em>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>It controlled major economic axes:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>the \u003Cstrong>Rhône valley\u003C/strong>, a trade route to the Mediterranean\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>the \u003Cstrong>Saône\u003C/strong>, linking Burgundy to northern regions\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>several important former Roman cities\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Cp>Among the kingdom’s main cities:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Orléans\u003C/strong>\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Chalon-sur-Saône\u003C/strong>\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Autun\u003C/strong>\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Lyon\u003C/strong>\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Vienne\u003C/strong>\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Cp>These cities had powerful bishoprics and an administrative tradition inherited from the Roman Empire.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Burgundy was therefore a \u003Cstrong>rich and relatively stable\u003C/strong> kingdom, but also a territory exposed to neighbours’ ambitions.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>⚔️ Between his brothers: a fragile position\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>The political situation quickly became explosive.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Two of Guntram’s brothers entered a violent rivalry:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Sigebert I\u003C/strong>, king of Austrasia\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Chilperic I\u003C/strong>, king of Neustria\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Cp>Their conflict, triggered after the assassination of \u003Cstrong>Galswintha\u003C/strong>, sister of Queen Brunhilda, plunged the Frankish world into a long war.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Guntram found himself \u003Cstrong>between the two camps\u003C/strong>.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Depending on circumstances, he supported one side and then the other, mainly seeking to preserve his own kingdom’s stability.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>This balancing policy sometimes earned him a reputation as a \u003Cstrong>king-arbiter\u003C/strong>.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>⚔️ Wars and rivalries after 575\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>The death of \u003Cstrong>Chilperic I in 584\u003C/strong> did not end conflicts.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The royal feud continued in new forms. Powerful aristocrats played decisive roles, notably:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Egidius\u003C/strong>, bishop of Reims\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Guntram Boso\u003C/strong>, influential Austrasian duke\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Cp>These figures, once close to Chilperic, tried to maintain influence in the political struggles between kingdoms.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>At the same time, some Austrasian nobles supported \u003Cstrong>Gundovald\u003C/strong>, a supposed natural son of \u003Cstrong>Chlothar I\u003C/strong>, who attempted to be recognised as king.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>This threatened Guntram directly.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>In \u003Cstrong>585\u003C/strong>, the king led a campaign as far as \u003Cstrong>Saint-Bertrand-de-Comminges\u003C/strong> in southern Gaul to crush the rebellion and impose authority.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Gundovald’s defeat ended this dynastic challenge.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🤝 The Treaty of Andelot (587)\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cimg src=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b0/Gontran_et_Childebert_II.JPG\" alt=\"The Treaty of Andelot\" class=\"kb-img-contain\">\n\u003Cem>The Treaty of Andelot — Source: Wikimedia Commons\u003C/em>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>After Gundovald’s defeat, Guntram strengthened his alliances.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>On \u003Cstrong>28 November 587\u003C/strong>, he met King \u003Cstrong>Childebert II\u003C/strong>, son of Sigebert I and Brunhilda.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>They concluded the \u003Cstrong>Treaty of Andelot\u003C/strong>, near Chaumont.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The treaty organised a durable alliance between Burgundy and Austrasia.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>It notably provided that:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>the two kings promised mutual aid and loyalty\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>each recognised the other’s territorial rights\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>if one sovereign died, \u003Cstrong>the survivor would inherit his kingdom\u003C/strong>\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Cp>This treaty is exceptional for the time: its full text is preserved thanks to \u003Cstrong>Gregory of Tours\u003C/strong>.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>It is one of the rare detailed diplomatic agreements of the Early Middle Ages.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>⚔️ War against the Visigoths (588–589)\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>In the late 580s, Guntram tried to extend his influence southward.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>He wanted to recover \u003Cstrong>Septimania\u003C/strong>, controlled by the Visigothic kingdom.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>In \u003Cstrong>588 or 589\u003C/strong>, he sent an army led by \u003Cstrong>Austrovald\u003C/strong>, duke of Aquitaine.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>But the campaign ended in failure.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Near \u003Cstrong>Carcassonne\u003C/strong>, the Frankish army was defeated by forces of the Visigothic king \u003Cstrong>Reccared\u003C/strong>, commanded by Duke \u003Cstrong>Claudius of Lusitania\u003C/strong>.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>According to Gregory of Tours, losses were heavy:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>around \u003Cstrong>5,000 dead\u003C/strong>\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>2,000 prisoners\u003C/strong>\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Cp>This defeat ended Frankish ambitions in Gothic Gaul.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>⛪ A king closely tied to the Church\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>Unlike some Merovingian kings known for violence, Guntram is often described as \u003Cstrong>very religious\u003C/strong>.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Chronicles, especially Gregory of Tours, emphasise his piety:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>he supported bishops\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>he protected monasteries\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>he financed religious foundations\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Cp>Bishops played a major political role in his kingdom.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>They served as intermediaries between king and cities and sometimes participated in diplomatic negotiations.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>This alliance with the Church strengthened royal legitimacy and helped stabilise Burgundy.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>⛪ The foundation of Saint-Marcel Abbey\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cimg src=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/Saint-Marcel_%281%29.JPG\" alt=\"Saint-Marcel Abbey\" class=\"kb-img-contain\">\n\u003Cem>Saint-Marcel Abbey — Source: Wikimedia Commons\u003C/em>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Guntram’s reign was also marked by strong religious activity.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>After choosing \u003Cstrong>Chalon-sur-Saône\u003C/strong> as royal residence, he founded a monastery around \u003Cstrong>577\u003C/strong> in the city’s outskirts: \u003Cstrong>Saint-Marcel Abbey\u003C/strong>.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The monastery was dedicated to \u003Cstrong>Saint Marcel\u003C/strong>, a 2nd-century martyr of Lyon.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>In \u003Cstrong>584\u003C/strong>, Guntram instituted \u003Cstrong>perpetual psalmody\u003C/strong>, a monastic practice of reciting psalms without interruption.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>He also reorganised major monasteries linked to his realm:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Saint-Bénigne of Dijon\u003C/strong>\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Saint-Maurice of Agaune\u003C/strong>\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Cp>These were placed under the joint authority of Abbot \u003Cstrong>Apollinaris of Agaune\u003C/strong>.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>At his death, Guntram was buried in the basilica of Saint-Marcel, which he had founded.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>⚔️ Defending the kingdom\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>Despite his reputation as a peaceful king, Guntram also had to lead military campaigns.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>He notably faced:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>internal aristocratic revolts\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Lombard incursions from Italy\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>armies of his brothers when alliances shifted\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Cp>Burgundy thus became a zone of confrontation between Frankish kingdoms, but Guntram managed to preserve most of his territory.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>☘️ The arrival of Saint Columbanus\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>Toward the end of his reign, Guntram welcomed the Irish monk \u003Cstrong>Columbanus\u003C/strong>, a major figure of European monasticism.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Columbanus arrived in Gaul as a \u003Cstrong>peregrinus\u003C/strong>, an itinerant missionary.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>In \u003Cstrong>591\u003C/strong>, he received permission to settle in a forested region on the frontier between Burgundy and Austrasia.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>He founded a first monastery at \u003Cstrong>Annegray\u003C/strong>, in the Vosges.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Soon after, he created the important monastery of \u003Cstrong>Luxeuil\u003C/strong>, which became one of the kingdom’s great religious centres.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cimg src=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/2020-08_-_Monast%C3%A8re_de_Luxeuil_-_06.jpg\" alt=\"Luxeuil monastery\" class=\"kb-img-contain\">\n\u003Cem>Luxeuil — Source: Wikimedia Commons\u003C/em>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>These foundations contributed to the spread of Christianity and enhanced the spiritual prestige of Guntram’s reign.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>☠️ The end of the reign\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>King Guntram died in \u003Cstrong>592\u003C/strong>.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Having no direct heir, his kingdom passed to \u003Cstrong>Childebert II\u003C/strong>, king of Austrasia, according to their agreements.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>This succession was important: a large part of the Frankish kingdoms was again united under one sovereign.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>⚰️ The king’s death\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>Guntram died at \u003Cstrong>Chalon-sur-Saône on 28 March 592\u003C/strong>.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Under the Treaty of Andelot, his kingdom was transmitted to \u003Cstrong>Childebert II\u003C/strong>.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Bishops honoured Guntram for his piety and support of the Church.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Over time, he was even venerated as \u003Cstrong>Saint Guntram\u003C/strong>, especially in Burgundy and Maurienne.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🧠 Key takeaways\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Guntram\u003C/strong> ruled \u003Cstrong>Burgundy\u003C/strong> from \u003Cstrong>561 to 592\u003C/strong>, one of the richest and best-structured kingdoms of the Frankish world.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>He governed a land of \u003Cstrong>cities, bishoprics, and major trade routes\u003C/strong>, between Saône, Rhône, and Loire.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Facing rivalries between \u003Cstrong>Austrasia\u003C/strong> and \u003Cstrong>Neustria\u003C/strong>, he often played the role of \u003Cstrong>arbiter\u003C/strong>, aiming to preserve balance.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>He also defended authority through war, notably against \u003Cstrong>Gundovald\u003C/strong> and in the campaign against the \u003Cstrong>Visigoths\u003C/strong>.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>His reign was deeply shaped by alliance with the \u003Cstrong>Church\u003C/strong>: support to bishops, monastic foundations, religious prestige.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>The \u003Cstrong>Treaty of Andelot (587)\u003C/strong> is a key political act: it seals alliance with \u003Cstrong>Childebert II\u003C/strong> and organises succession.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>At his death in \u003Cstrong>592\u003C/strong>, Burgundy passed to \u003Cstrong>Childebert II\u003C/strong>, temporarily uniting much of the Frankish kingdoms.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Guntram’s memory became that of a pious peacemaker king, later venerated as \u003Cstrong>Saint Guntram\u003C/strong>.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Ch1>Image credits\u003C/h1>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>The kingdom of the Franks in 561 — Romain0, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>The kingdom of Burgundy — PhylémonCyclone, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>The Treaty of Andelot — Jean Fouquet, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Saint-Marcel Abbey — Hersendis, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Luxeuil monastery — A.BourgeoisP, CC BY-SA 4.0 \u003Ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0\">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0\u003C/a>, via Wikimedia Commons\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n",[],"",true,false,"561 à 592","Bourgogne","After King Chlothar I died in 561 , the Frankish kingdom was once again divided among his sons. Timeline, key actors, and consequences are clearly explained.","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch5c.jpg",{"period":27,"chapters":31},{"id":5,"title":6,"titleEn":6,"titleEs":7,"range":8,"rangeEn":8,"rangeEs":8,"cover":28,"coverArtworkId":30},{"fileName":19,"filePageUrl":19,"imageUrl":29,"sourceLabel":19},"/assets/carousels/p4/Alma-Tadema The Education of the Children of Clovis.jpg","alma-tadema-the-education-of-the-children-of-clovis",[32,38,45,52,58,64,70,76,83,89,91,97,103,109,115,121,127,133,139,145,151,157,163,169,175,181,187,193,199],{"id":33,"title":34,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":35,"thumbnailArtworkId":19,"hasEn":20,"isFallback":21,"teaser":36,"coverFit":19,"coverPosition":19,"chronicle":37,"realm":19,"ready":20},"p4ch1","Clovis: The King Who Forged Gaul","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch1.jpg","Le premier grand roi franc et l'unification de la Gaule.","481 à 511",{"id":39,"title":40,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":41,"thumbnailArtworkId":19,"hasEn":20,"isFallback":21,"teaser":42,"coverFit":19,"coverPosition":19,"chronicle":43,"realm":44,"ready":20},"p4ch2","Theuderic I: Heir of the East (Austrasia)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch2.jpg","Le partage de 511 et la naissance de l'Austrasie.","511 à 534","Austrasie",{"id":46,"title":47,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":48,"thumbnailArtworkId":19,"hasEn":20,"isFallback":21,"teaser":49,"coverFit":19,"coverPosition":19,"chronicle":50,"realm":51,"ready":20},"p4ch2b","Clodomir: Orléans and the Burgundian War","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch2b.png","Division of the Frankish kingdom after the death of Clovis — Source: Wikimedia Commons","511 à 524","Orléans",{"id":53,"title":54,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":55,"thumbnailArtworkId":19,"hasEn":20,"isFallback":21,"teaser":49,"coverFit":19,"coverPosition":19,"chronicle":56,"realm":57,"ready":20},"p4ch2c","Childebert I: Paris, Alliances, and Expansion","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch2c.jpg","511 à 558","Paris",{"id":59,"title":60,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":61,"thumbnailArtworkId":19,"hasEn":20,"isFallback":21,"teaser":62,"coverFit":19,"coverPosition":19,"chronicle":63,"realm":44,"ready":20},"p4ch3","Theudebert I: Austrasia’s King Looking Toward Rome","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch3.png","Un roi d'Austrasie, entre Méditerranée, monnaie et ambitions italiennes.","534 à 548",{"id":65,"title":66,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":67,"thumbnailArtworkId":19,"hasEn":20,"isFallback":21,"teaser":68,"coverFit":19,"coverPosition":19,"chronicle":69,"realm":44,"ready":20},"p4ch3b","Theudebald: A Brief Reign in Austrasia","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch3b.png","The Frankish kingdom in 548 — Source: Wikimedia Commons","548 à 555",{"id":71,"title":72,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":73,"thumbnailArtworkId":19,"hasEn":20,"isFallback":21,"teaser":74,"coverFit":19,"coverPosition":19,"chronicle":75,"realm":19,"ready":20},"p4ch4","Chlothar I: The Last Son of Clovis","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch4.jpg","Rivalités mérovingiennes et retour au royaume unique (558).","511 à 561",{"id":77,"title":78,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":79,"thumbnailArtworkId":19,"hasEn":20,"isFallback":21,"teaser":80,"coverFit":19,"coverPosition":19,"chronicle":81,"realm":82,"ready":20},"p4ch5","Chilperic I: Ambition and the Royal Feud","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch5.jpg","Les luttes de pouvoir et la rivalité Frédégonde-Brunehaut après 561.","561 à 584","Neustrie",{"id":84,"title":85,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":86,"thumbnailArtworkId":19,"hasEn":20,"isFallback":21,"teaser":87,"coverFit":19,"coverPosition":19,"chronicle":88,"realm":44,"ready":20},"p4ch5b","Sigebert I: Austrasia and the Brothers’ War","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch5b.jpg","In 561 , King Chlothar I , the last son of Clovis , died. As in the previous generation, his kingdom was divided among his sons.","561 à 575",{"id":15,"title":16,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":25,"thumbnailArtworkId":19,"hasEn":20,"isFallback":21,"teaser":90,"coverFit":19,"coverPosition":19,"chronicle":22,"realm":23,"ready":20},"After King Chlothar I died in 561 , the Frankish kingdom was once again divided among his sons.",{"id":92,"title":93,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":94,"thumbnailArtworkId":19,"hasEn":20,"isFallback":21,"teaser":95,"coverFit":19,"coverPosition":19,"chronicle":96,"realm":57,"ready":20},"p4ch5d","Charibert I: Paris and a Brief Reign","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch5d.png","In 561 , after King Chlothar I died, the Frankish kingdom was divided among his sons according to Merovingian tradition.","561 à 567",{"id":98,"title":99,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":100,"thumbnailArtworkId":19,"hasEn":20,"isFallback":21,"teaser":101,"coverFit":19,"coverPosition":19,"chronicle":102,"realm":19,"ready":20},"p4ch6","Chlothar II: The Survivor and the Unifier","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch6.png","La fin de la Faide royale et la réunification du royaume franc.","584 à 629",{"id":104,"title":105,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":106,"thumbnailArtworkId":19,"hasEn":20,"isFallback":21,"teaser":107,"coverFit":19,"coverPosition":19,"chronicle":108,"realm":19,"ready":20},"p4ch7","Dagobert I: The Last Great Merovingian King","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch7.png","L'âge d'or mérovingien, Saint Éloi et la fondation de Saint-Denis.","629 à 639",{"id":110,"title":111,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":112,"thumbnailArtworkId":19,"hasEn":20,"isFallback":21,"teaser":113,"coverFit":19,"coverPosition":19,"chronicle":114,"realm":19,"ready":20},"p4ch8","The Mayors of the Palace: Power Shifts (639–687)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch8.jpg","Après Dagobert, la réalité du pouvoir passe aux maires du palais.","639 à 687",{"id":116,"title":117,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":118,"thumbnailArtworkId":19,"hasEn":20,"isFallback":21,"teaser":119,"coverFit":19,"coverPosition":19,"chronicle":120,"realm":19,"ready":20},"p4ch9","Pepin of Herstal: Prince of the Franks (687–714)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch9.png","Après Tertry, Pépin de Herstal gouverne comme l'homme fort du royaume.","687 à 714",{"id":122,"title":123,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":124,"thumbnailArtworkId":19,"hasEn":20,"isFallback":21,"teaser":125,"coverFit":19,"coverPosition":19,"chronicle":126,"realm":19,"ready":20},"p4ch10","Charles Martel: Ruling Without a Crown (714–741)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch10.png","Après 714, Charles Martel devient l'homme fort du royaume franc.","714 à 741",{"id":128,"title":129,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":130,"thumbnailArtworkId":19,"hasEn":20,"isFallback":21,"teaser":131,"coverFit":19,"coverPosition":19,"chronicle":132,"realm":19,"ready":20},"p4ch11","Pepin the Short: From Real Power to the Crown (741–768)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch11.png","Après 741, Pépin transforme le pouvoir pépinide en royauté.","741 à 768",{"id":134,"title":135,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":136,"thumbnailArtworkId":19,"hasEn":20,"isFallback":21,"teaser":137,"coverFit":19,"coverPosition":19,"chronicle":138,"realm":19,"ready":20},"p4ch12","Charlemagne: Inherit, Conquer, Scale Up (768–814)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch12.png","Après 768, Charlemagne unifie le pouvoir et change d’échelle.","768 à 814",{"id":140,"title":141,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":142,"thumbnailArtworkId":19,"hasEn":20,"isFallback":21,"teaser":143,"coverFit":19,"coverPosition":19,"chronicle":144,"realm":19,"ready":20},"p4ch13","Louis the Pious: The Empire Put to the Test (814–840)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch13.png","À partir de 814, Louis le Pieux tente de maintenir l’unité impériale face aux crises successorales.","814 à 840",{"id":146,"title":147,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":148,"thumbnailArtworkId":19,"hasEn":20,"isFallback":21,"teaser":149,"coverFit":19,"coverPosition":19,"chronicle":150,"realm":19,"ready":20},"p4ch14","Charles the Bald: The Birth of West Francia (840–877)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch14.png","Après 840, la Francie occidentale se stabilise entre guerre civile, Vikings et pouvoirs locaux.","840 à 877",{"id":152,"title":153,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":154,"thumbnailArtworkId":19,"hasEn":20,"isFallback":21,"teaser":155,"coverFit":19,"coverPosition":19,"chronicle":156,"realm":19,"ready":20},"p4ch15","Louis the Stammerer: A Short Reign, a Fragile Kingdom (877–879)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch15.png","Après 877, Louis le Bègue hérite d’un royaume fragilisé et doit composer avec les grands.","877 à 879",{"id":158,"title":159,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":160,"thumbnailArtworkId":19,"hasEn":20,"isFallback":21,"teaser":161,"coverFit":19,"coverPosition":19,"chronicle":162,"realm":19,"ready":20},"p4ch16","Louis III and Carloman II: Two Kings Facing the Vikings (879–884)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch16.jpg","Après 879, deux rois et un royaume sous pression viking ; le pouvoir se joue aussi chez les grands.","879 à 884",{"id":164,"title":165,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":166,"thumbnailArtworkId":19,"hasEn":20,"isFallback":21,"teaser":167,"coverFit":19,"coverPosition":19,"chronicle":168,"realm":19,"ready":20},"p4ch17","Charles the Fat: Carolingian Unity and the Crisis of Power (884–888)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch17.jpg","Le siège de Paris (885–886) met à nu la crise du pouvoir carolingien, jusqu’à la rupture de 887–888.","884 à 888",{"id":170,"title":171,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":172,"thumbnailArtworkId":19,"hasEn":20,"isFallback":21,"teaser":173,"coverFit":19,"coverPosition":19,"chronicle":174,"realm":19,"ready":20},"p4ch18","Odo: The Robertian King and the War of Prestige (888–898)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch18.jpg","Eudes impose une royauté robertienne par sacres, alliances et victoires, face à Charles le Simple.","888 à 898",{"id":176,"title":177,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":178,"thumbnailArtworkId":19,"hasEn":20,"isFallback":21,"teaser":179,"coverFit":19,"coverPosition":19,"chronicle":180,"realm":19,"ready":20},"p4ch19","Charles the Simple: Norman Compromise, Imperial Ambitions, and Fall (898–929)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch19.jpg","Retour carolingien : compromis de 911, axe lotharingien, ambitions impériales, puis déposition et captivité.","898 à 929",{"id":182,"title":183,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":184,"thumbnailArtworkId":19,"hasEn":20,"isFallback":21,"teaser":185,"coverFit":19,"coverPosition":19,"chronicle":186,"realm":19,"ready":20},"p4ch20","Robert I: The Robertian King of Civil War (922–923)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch20.jpg","Règne bref et décisif : sacre de 922, guerre civile, mort à Soissons et transition vers Raoul.","922 à 923",{"id":188,"title":189,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":190,"thumbnailArtworkId":19,"hasEn":20,"isFallback":21,"teaser":191,"coverFit":19,"coverPosition":19,"chronicle":192,"realm":19,"ready":20},"p4ch21","Rudolph of Burgundy: King of the Franks Between Princes and Normans (923–936)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch21.jpg","Règne de Raoul : arbitrer entre princes, stabiliser la Normandie, puis succession carolingienne (936).","923 à 936",{"id":194,"title":195,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":196,"thumbnailArtworkId":19,"hasEn":20,"isFallback":21,"teaser":197,"coverFit":19,"coverPosition":19,"chronicle":198,"realm":19,"ready":20},"p4ch22","Louis IV \\\"d’Outremer\\\": Carolingian Return and the Princes’ War (936–954)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch22.jpg","Restauration carolingienne : rivalité avec Hugues le Grand, crise lotharingienne, capture de 945, puis consolidation.","936 à 954",{"id":200,"title":201,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":202,"thumbnailArtworkId":19,"hasEn":20,"isFallback":21,"teaser":203,"coverFit":19,"coverPosition":19,"chronicle":204,"realm":19,"ready":20},"p4ch23","Lothair and Louis V: The End of the Carolingians (954–987)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch23.jpg","Lothaire et Louis V : guerre avec l’Empire, crise lotharingienne, mort de 987 et bascule capétienne.","954 à 987",1778543068812]