[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":217},["ShallowReactive",2],{"chapter:p4ch8:en":3,"chapters:p4:en":37},{"period":4,"chapter":14},{"id":5,"title":6,"titleEn":6,"titleEs":7,"range":8,"rangeEn":8,"rangeEs":8,"cover":9},"p4","Early Middle Ages","Alta Edad Media","476 → 987",{"fileName":10,"filePageUrl":11,"imageUrl":12,"sourceLabel":13},"François Louis Dejuinne 08265 baptême de CLovis.JPG","https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fran%C3%A7ois%20Louis%20Dejuinne%2008265%20bapt%C3%AAme%20de%20CLovis.JPG","/assets/p4-haut-moyen-age-cover.png","Wikimedia Commons",{"id":15,"title":16,"periodId":5,"html":17,"zooms":18,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":34,"realm":31,"seoDescription":35,"thumbnailUrl":36},"p4ch8","The Mayors of the Palace: Power Shifts (639–687)","\u003Cp>After the death of \u003Cstrong>Dagobert I in 639\u003C/strong>, the kingdom of the Franks does not disappear and the Merovingian dynasty remains officially in power. However, the political balance changes profoundly.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The kings who succeed Dagobert are often \u003Cstrong>very young\u003C/strong>, and their authority depends largely on their entourage. In this context, a function that had once been secondary becomes decisive: the \u003Cstrong>mayor of the palace\u003C/strong> (\u003Cem>maior domus\u003C/em>).\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Originally, the mayor of the palace was an officer in charge of managing the royal household and the organisation of the court. But in the 7th century, the office evolves rapidly. Mayors of the palace now control:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>aristocratic \u003Cstrong>networks\u003C/strong>\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>the \u003Cstrong>finances\u003C/strong> of the realm\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>the \u003Cstrong>command of the army\u003C/strong>\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>the \u003Cstrong>appointment\u003C/strong> of counts and bishops\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Cp>Little by little, they become the true political leaders of the kingdom.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>It is this period that Carolingian chroniclers would later call that of the \u003Cstrong>“do-nothing kings”\u003C/strong> — a polemical expression, because kings still exist, but their real power declines.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>⏳ A timeline of the shift\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>639\u003C/strong>: death of Dagobert I; his sons \u003Cstrong>Sigebert III\u003C/strong> (Austrasia) and \u003Cstrong>Clovis II\u003C/strong> (Neustria and Burgundy) inherit the kingdom.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>656–657\u003C/strong>: the mayor of the palace \u003Cstrong>Grimoald\u003C/strong> tries to impose his own dynasty in Austrasia.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>658–681\u003C/strong>: in Neustria, \u003Cstrong>Ebroin\u003C/strong> governs with great brutality and fights rival aristocracies.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>673–675\u003C/strong>: King \u003Cstrong>Childeric II\u003C/strong> briefly reunites the whole Frankish kingdom.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>687\u003C/strong>: the battle of \u003Cstrong>Tertry\u003C/strong> consecrates the domination of \u003Cstrong>Pepin of Herstal\u003C/strong>, ancestor of the Carolingians.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>👑 Child kings and powerful regencies\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>When Dagobert dies, his heirs are still children.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Sigebert III\u003C/strong>, king of Austrasia, is only a few years old.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Clovis II\u003C/strong>, king of Neustria and Burgundy, is also very young.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Cp>Power is therefore exercised by \u003Cstrong>regents\u003C/strong> and great aristocrats.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>In Neustria, Queen \u003Cstrong>Nanthilde\u003C/strong>, widow of Dagobert, governs during the first years of Clovis II’s reign.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cimg src=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Clovis_II_and_Nanthild.jpg\" alt=\"Clovis II and Nanthilde\" class=\"kb-img-contain\">\n\u003Cem>Clovis II and Nanthilde — Source: Wikimedia Commons\u003C/em>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Later, Queen \u003Cstrong>Balthild\u003C/strong>, Clovis II’s wife, plays a major political role. Of modest origin — probably a former Anglo-Saxon slave — she becomes one of the most influential figures of the 7th century.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cimg src=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Le_roi_Clovis_II_ach%C3%A8te_Bathilde_pour_en_faire_la_reine_des_Francs_%28XIXe_si%C3%A8cle%29_01.jpg\" alt=\"Clovis II buys Balthild\" class=\"kb-img-contain\">\n\u003Cem>Clovis II buys Balthild — Source: Wikimedia Commons\u003C/em>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Balthild leads several important reforms:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>she supports the foundation of many \u003Cstrong>monasteries\u003C/strong>\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>she fights certain forms of \u003Cstrong>slavery\u003C/strong>\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>she tries to limit the excessive influence of some aristocratic families\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Cp>Despite these efforts, royal authority remains fragile.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>🔍 \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"/en/zoom/p4ch8z4\">Zoom – Balthild: the former slave who became Queen of the Franks\u003C/a>\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>📜 The “do-nothing kings” chronicle (639–687)\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>The expression “do-nothing kings” is exaggerated, but it reflects a real phenomenon: kings still reign, but it is often the mayors of the palace who govern.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>During this period, several kings follow one another, sometimes simultaneously in different parts of the kingdom.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch3>Neustria and Burgundy\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Clovis II\u003C/strong> (639–657)\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Chlothar III\u003C/strong> (657–673)\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Theuderic III\u003C/strong> (673; then 675–687)\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Ch3>Austrasia\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Sigebert III\u003C/strong> (639–656)\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Childebert the Adopted\u003C/strong> (656–662)\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Childeric II\u003C/strong> (662–673)\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Clovis III\u003C/strong> (675–676)\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Dagobert II\u003C/strong> (676–679)\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Ch3>A briefly reunified kingdom\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Childeric II\u003C/strong> rules the whole kingdom between \u003Cstrong>673 and 675\u003C/strong>, before being assassinated in an aristocratic plot.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Cp>These frequent changes show how unstable the Merovingian monarchy becomes.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🧩 Austrasia: the Grimoald experiment\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>In Austrasia, the rise of the \u003Cstrong>mayors of the palace\u003C/strong> appears clearly with \u003Cstrong>Grimoald\u003C/strong>, son of the powerful aristocrat \u003Cstrong>Pepin of Landen\u003C/strong>.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>After Pepin’s death, around \u003Cstrong>639\u003C/strong>, the office becomes the object of rivalry between factions of the Austrasian nobility. The young king \u003Cstrong>Sigebert III\u003C/strong>, still a minor, depends heavily on his advisers.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Among them is \u003Cstrong>Otto\u003C/strong>, a palace officer (\u003Cem>domesticus\u003C/em>), who holds great influence over the king.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>In \u003Cstrong>642\u003C/strong>, Grimoald eliminates his rival: he has Otto assassinated through the intermediary of the Alamannic duke \u003Cstrong>Leutharius\u003C/strong>. After this disappearance, Grimoald becomes \u003Cstrong>mayor of the palace of Austrasia\u003C/strong>, the most powerful man in the kingdom after the king.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Over the following years, Grimoald consolidates his authority:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>he controls royal administration\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>he relies on aristocratic networks inherited from his father\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>he governs in practice in the king’s name\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Cp>When \u003Cstrong>Sigebert III dies in 656\u003C/strong>, Grimoald sees a unique opportunity.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The king leaves a young son, \u003Cstrong>Dagobert II\u003C/strong>. Instead of respecting Merovingian succession, Grimoald acts:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Dagobert is \u003Cstrong>tonsured\u003C/strong> (a symbolic gesture excluding him from kingship)\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>he is sent to a monastery in \u003Cstrong>Ireland\u003C/strong>\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Grimoald places on the throne his own adopted son, \u003Cstrong>Childebert the Adopted\u003C/strong>, said to have been recognised as heir by Sigebert III\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Cp>For the first time in Frankish history, a mayor of the palace tries to \u003Cstrong>replace the Merovingian dynasty\u003C/strong> with his own line.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>This political experiment triggers a violent reaction. A part of the nobility rejects the break with dynastic tradition. Grimoald is captured, handed over to the Neustrian king \u003Cstrong>Chlothar III\u003C/strong>, imprisoned, then executed around \u003Cstrong>662\u003C/strong>.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The episode is not without consequences. It shows that a \u003Cstrong>mayor of the palace can control succession\u003C/strong> and govern in place of the king.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>🔍 \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"/en/zoom/p4ch8z1\">Zoom – Grimoald: when a mayor of the palace tries to impose his dynasty\u003C/a>\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>⚔️ Neustria: Ebroin and the politics of force\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>In Neustria, the struggle for power becomes particularly violent.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The dominant figure of this period is \u003Cstrong>Ebroin\u003C/strong>, mayor of the palace and true master of the kingdom for several years.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Ebroin appears in the 650s as one of the main supporters of the Merovingian monarchy in Neustria. Unlike great aristocratic families seeking autonomy, he defends the idea of a \u003Cstrong>strong royal power\u003C/strong>, even though that power passes in reality through his own authority.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Ambitious, energetic, and feared, Ebroin governs with brutality. To maintain his authority, he uses extreme methods:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>forced \u003Cstrong>exiles\u003C/strong> of political opponents\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>assassinations\u003C/strong> and plots against rivals\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>land \u003Cstrong>confiscations\u003C/strong> to break rebellious families\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Cp>His goal is clear: prevent regional aristocracies from controlling the monarchy and maintain Neustrian dominance over the Frankish realm.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch3>⚔️ The conflict with Saint Leodegar\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cp>Ebroin’s main adversary is \u003Cstrong>Leodegar (Léger)\u003C/strong>, bishop of Autun and member of a great Burgundian aristocratic family.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Leodegar wants to limit the mayor’s authority and strengthen the role of regional elites. A coalition of nobles gathers around him.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>In \u003Cstrong>673\u003C/strong>, after the death of King \u003Cstrong>Chlothar III\u003C/strong>, Leodegar participates in raising \u003Cstrong>Childeric II\u003C/strong> to the throne, trying to govern without Ebroin. Ebroin is captured and confined in a monastery.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>After Childeric II is assassinated in \u003Cstrong>675\u003C/strong>, Ebroin escapes, returns to power, and launches a major repression.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch3>🩸 The death of Leodegar\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cp>Leodegar is captured by Ebroin’s supporters. He suffers a particularly cruel ordeal:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>his eyes are gouged out\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>his tongue is cut off\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>he is executed around \u003Cstrong>679\u003C/strong>\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Cp>His death provokes strong emotion and he is quickly venerated as a \u003Cstrong>Christian martyr\u003C/strong>.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>This conflict illustrates the transformation of Frankish power in the 7th century: the realm is now dominated by \u003Cstrong>rival aristocratic factions\u003C/strong>, where bishops, dukes, and mayors of the palace play decisive roles.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>🔍 \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"/en/zoom/p4ch8z2\">Zoom – Ebroin: the strongman of Neustria\u003C/a>\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🏇 687: the battle of Tertry\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>The decisive turning point comes in \u003Cstrong>687\u003C/strong>, when rivalry between Neustria and Austrasia leads to a major military confrontation.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>In Neustria, power is exercised in the name of King \u003Cstrong>Theuderic III\u003C/strong>, supported by the mayor of the palace \u003Cstrong>Berchar\u003C/strong> and Neustrian aristocracy.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Facing them stands the mayor of the palace of Austrasia, \u003Cstrong>Pepin of Herstal\u003C/strong>, heir of the powerful \u003Cstrong>Pippinid\u003C/strong> family.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The two camps meet near \u003Cstrong>Tertry\u003C/strong>, in \u003Cstrong>Picardy\u003C/strong>, not far from the Somme valley.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Austrasia wins a \u003Cstrong>decisive victory\u003C/strong>. Neustrian forces are crushed and the political balance of the realm is transformed.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>After this victory:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Pepin of Herstal becomes mayor of the palace of the entire Frankish kingdom\u003C/strong>\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>he governs in the name of King \u003Cstrong>Theuderic III\u003C/strong>, who remains on the throne but loses most political authority\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Cp>From this point on, the Austrasian mayor of the palace becomes the true master of the kingdom.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cimg src=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Jean_Michel_Moreau_-_Pepin_of_Herstal_after_the_battle_of_Tertry_in_687.jpg\" alt=\"Pepin of Herstal at Tertry (687)\">\n\u003Cem>Pepin of Herstal after the battle of Tertry — Source: Wikimedia Commons\u003C/em>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>🔍 \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"/en/zoom/p4ch8z3\">Zoom – Tertry 687: Pepin of Herstal becomes the kingdom’s arbiter\u003C/a>\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🧠 Key takeaways\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>After \u003Cstrong>639\u003C/strong>, Merovingian kings remain on the throne but gradually lose real power.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>The \u003Cstrong>mayors of the palace\u003C/strong> control the army, aristocratic networks, and administration.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Grimoald\u003C/strong> already tries to create an alternative dynasty.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Ebroin\u003C/strong> rules Neustria through force and political violence.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Pepin of Herstal’s victory at Tertry (687)\u003C/strong> opens the way to Carolingian domination.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>Image credits\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Clovis II and Nanthilde — Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Clovis II buys Balthild — Anonyme, CC BY-SA 4.0 \u003Ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0\">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0\u003C/a>, via Wikimedia Commons\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Pepin of Herstal at Tertry (687) — Jean-Michel Moreau, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n",[19,22,25,28],{"id":20,"title":21},"p4ch8z1","Grimoald: When a Mayor of the Palace Tries to Impose His Dynasty",{"id":23,"title":24},"p4ch8z2","Ebroin: The Strongman of Neustria",{"id":26,"title":27},"p4ch8z3","Tertry (687): Pepin of Herstal Becomes the Kingdom’s Arbiter",{"id":29,"title":30},"p4ch8z4","Balthild: The Former Slave Who Became Queen of the Franks","",true,false,"639 à 687","Après Dagobert, la réalité du pouvoir passe aux maires du palais. After the death of Dagobert I in 639 , the kingdom of the Franks does not disappear and the","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch8.jpg",{"period":38,"chapters":42},{"id":5,"title":6,"titleEn":6,"titleEs":7,"range":8,"rangeEn":8,"rangeEs":8,"cover":39,"coverArtworkId":41},{"fileName":31,"filePageUrl":31,"imageUrl":40,"sourceLabel":31},"/assets/carousels/p4/Alma-Tadema The Education of the Children of Clovis.jpg","alma-tadema-the-education-of-the-children-of-clovis",[43,49,56,63,69,75,81,87,94,100,107,113,119,125,127,133,139,145,151,157,163,169,175,181,187,193,199,205,211],{"id":44,"title":45,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":46,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":47,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":48,"realm":31,"ready":32},"p4ch1","Clovis: The King Who Forged Gaul","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch1.jpg","Le premier grand roi franc et l'unification de la Gaule.","481 à 511",{"id":50,"title":51,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":52,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":53,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":54,"realm":55,"ready":32},"p4ch2","Theuderic I: Heir of the East (Austrasia)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch2.jpg","Le partage de 511 et la naissance de l'Austrasie.","511 à 534","Austrasie",{"id":57,"title":58,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":59,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":60,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":61,"realm":62,"ready":32},"p4ch2b","Clodomir: Orléans and the Burgundian War","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch2b.png","Division of the Frankish kingdom after the death of Clovis — Source: Wikimedia Commons","511 à 524","Orléans",{"id":64,"title":65,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":66,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":60,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":67,"realm":68,"ready":32},"p4ch2c","Childebert I: Paris, Alliances, and Expansion","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch2c.jpg","511 à 558","Paris",{"id":70,"title":71,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":72,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":73,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":74,"realm":55,"ready":32},"p4ch3","Theudebert I: Austrasia’s King Looking Toward Rome","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch3.png","Un roi d'Austrasie, entre Méditerranée, monnaie et ambitions italiennes.","534 à 548",{"id":76,"title":77,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":78,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":79,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":80,"realm":55,"ready":32},"p4ch3b","Theudebald: A Brief Reign in Austrasia","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch3b.png","The Frankish kingdom in 548 — Source: Wikimedia Commons","548 à 555",{"id":82,"title":83,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":84,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":85,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":86,"realm":31,"ready":32},"p4ch4","Chlothar I: The Last Son of Clovis","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch4.jpg","Rivalités mérovingiennes et retour au royaume unique (558).","511 à 561",{"id":88,"title":89,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":90,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":91,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":92,"realm":93,"ready":32},"p4ch5","Chilperic I: Ambition and the Royal Feud","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch5.jpg","Les luttes de pouvoir et la rivalité Frédégonde-Brunehaut après 561.","561 à 584","Neustrie",{"id":95,"title":96,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":97,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":98,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":99,"realm":55,"ready":32},"p4ch5b","Sigebert I: Austrasia and the Brothers’ War","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch5b.jpg","In 561 , King Chlothar I , the last son of Clovis , died. As in the previous generation, his kingdom was divided among his sons.","561 à 575",{"id":101,"title":102,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":103,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":104,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":105,"realm":106,"ready":32},"p4ch5c","Guntram: Burgundy and Merovingian Arbitration","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch5c.jpg","After King Chlothar I died in 561 , the Frankish kingdom was once again divided among his sons.","561 à 592","Bourgogne",{"id":108,"title":109,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":110,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":111,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":112,"realm":68,"ready":32},"p4ch5d","Charibert I: Paris and a Brief Reign","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch5d.png","In 561 , after King Chlothar I died, the Frankish kingdom was divided among his sons according to Merovingian tradition.","561 à 567",{"id":114,"title":115,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":116,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":117,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":118,"realm":31,"ready":32},"p4ch6","Chlothar II: The Survivor and the Unifier","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch6.png","La fin de la Faide royale et la réunification du royaume franc.","584 à 629",{"id":120,"title":121,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":122,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":123,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":124,"realm":31,"ready":32},"p4ch7","Dagobert I: The Last Great Merovingian King","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch7.png","L'âge d'or mérovingien, Saint Éloi et la fondation de Saint-Denis.","629 à 639",{"id":15,"title":16,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":36,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":126,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":34,"realm":31,"ready":32},"Après Dagobert, la réalité du pouvoir passe aux maires du palais.",{"id":128,"title":129,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":130,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":131,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":132,"realm":31,"ready":32},"p4ch9","Pepin of Herstal: Prince of the Franks (687–714)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch9.png","Après Tertry, Pépin de Herstal gouverne comme l'homme fort du royaume.","687 à 714",{"id":134,"title":135,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":136,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":137,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":138,"realm":31,"ready":32},"p4ch10","Charles Martel: Ruling Without a Crown (714–741)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch10.png","Après 714, Charles Martel devient l'homme fort du royaume franc.","714 à 741",{"id":140,"title":141,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":142,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":143,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":144,"realm":31,"ready":32},"p4ch11","Pepin the Short: From Real Power to the Crown (741–768)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch11.png","Après 741, Pépin transforme le pouvoir pépinide en royauté.","741 à 768",{"id":146,"title":147,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":148,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":149,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":150,"realm":31,"ready":32},"p4ch12","Charlemagne: Inherit, Conquer, Scale Up (768–814)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch12.png","Après 768, Charlemagne unifie le pouvoir et change d’échelle.","768 à 814",{"id":152,"title":153,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":154,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":155,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":156,"realm":31,"ready":32},"p4ch13","Louis the Pious: The Empire Put to the Test (814–840)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch13.png","À partir de 814, Louis le Pieux tente de maintenir l’unité impériale face aux crises successorales.","814 à 840",{"id":158,"title":159,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":160,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":161,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":162,"realm":31,"ready":32},"p4ch14","Charles the Bald: The Birth of West Francia (840–877)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch14.png","Après 840, la Francie occidentale se stabilise entre guerre civile, Vikings et pouvoirs locaux.","840 à 877",{"id":164,"title":165,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":166,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":167,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":168,"realm":31,"ready":32},"p4ch15","Louis the Stammerer: A Short Reign, a Fragile Kingdom (877–879)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch15.png","Après 877, Louis le Bègue hérite d’un royaume fragilisé et doit composer avec les grands.","877 à 879",{"id":170,"title":171,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":172,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":173,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":174,"realm":31,"ready":32},"p4ch16","Louis III and Carloman II: Two Kings Facing the Vikings (879–884)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch16.jpg","Après 879, deux rois et un royaume sous pression viking ; le pouvoir se joue aussi chez les grands.","879 à 884",{"id":176,"title":177,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":178,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":179,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":180,"realm":31,"ready":32},"p4ch17","Charles the Fat: Carolingian Unity and the Crisis of Power (884–888)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch17.jpg","Le siège de Paris (885–886) met à nu la crise du pouvoir carolingien, jusqu’à la rupture de 887–888.","884 à 888",{"id":182,"title":183,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":184,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":185,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":186,"realm":31,"ready":32},"p4ch18","Odo: The Robertian King and the War of Prestige (888–898)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch18.jpg","Eudes impose une royauté robertienne par sacres, alliances et victoires, face à Charles le Simple.","888 à 898",{"id":188,"title":189,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":190,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":191,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":192,"realm":31,"ready":32},"p4ch19","Charles the Simple: Norman Compromise, Imperial Ambitions, and Fall (898–929)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch19.jpg","Retour carolingien : compromis de 911, axe lotharingien, ambitions impériales, puis déposition et captivité.","898 à 929",{"id":194,"title":195,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":196,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":197,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":198,"realm":31,"ready":32},"p4ch20","Robert I: The Robertian King of Civil War (922–923)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch20.jpg","Règne bref et décisif : sacre de 922, guerre civile, mort à Soissons et transition vers Raoul.","922 à 923",{"id":200,"title":201,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":202,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":203,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":204,"realm":31,"ready":32},"p4ch21","Rudolph of Burgundy: King of the Franks Between Princes and Normans (923–936)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch21.jpg","Règne de Raoul : arbitrer entre princes, stabiliser la Normandie, puis succession carolingienne (936).","923 à 936",{"id":206,"title":207,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":208,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":209,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":210,"realm":31,"ready":32},"p4ch22","Louis IV \\\"d’Outremer\\\": Carolingian Return and the Princes’ War (936–954)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch22.jpg","Restauration carolingienne : rivalité avec Hugues le Grand, crise lotharingienne, capture de 945, puis consolidation.","936 à 954",{"id":212,"title":213,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":214,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":215,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":216,"realm":31,"ready":32},"p4ch23","Lothair and Louis V: The End of the Carolingians (954–987)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch23.jpg","Lothaire et Louis V : guerre avec l’Empire, crise lotharingienne, mort de 987 et bascule capétienne.","954 à 987",1778543068952]