[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":217},["ShallowReactive",2],{"chapter:p4ch9:en":3,"chapters:p4:en":37},{"period":4,"chapter":14},{"id":5,"title":6,"titleEn":6,"titleEs":7,"range":8,"rangeEn":8,"rangeEs":8,"cover":9},"p4","Early Middle Ages","Alta Edad Media","476 → 987",{"fileName":10,"filePageUrl":11,"imageUrl":12,"sourceLabel":13},"François Louis Dejuinne 08265 baptême de CLovis.JPG","https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fran%C3%A7ois%20Louis%20Dejuinne%2008265%20bapt%C3%AAme%20de%20CLovis.JPG","/assets/p4-haut-moyen-age-cover.png","Wikimedia Commons",{"id":15,"title":16,"periodId":5,"html":17,"zooms":18,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":34,"realm":31,"seoDescription":35,"thumbnailUrl":36},"p4ch9","Pepin of Herstal: Prince of the Franks (687–714)","\u003Cp>After \u003Cstrong>Tertry (687)\u003C/strong>, one thing becomes obvious: the Merovingian king still exists, but the man who truly decides is no longer the king. The centre of gravity of power shifts definitively toward \u003Cstrong>Austrasia\u003C/strong>, and toward one family: the \u003Cstrong>Pippinids\u003C/strong>.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Pepin of Herstal\u003C/strong>, master of the wealthy estates of the \u003Cstrong>Meuse\u003C/strong> valley and mayor of the palace of Austrasia, becomes the kingdom’s arbiter. His victory at Tertry allows him to dominate Neustria and impose his authority over the whole Frankish realm.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>His power does not rest on a crown, but on three solid pillars:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>military force\u003C/strong>, allowing him to impose authority over rival aristocracies\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>aristocratic alliances\u003C/strong>, inherited from the networks of Pepin of Landen and Arnulf of Metz\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>a \u003Cstrong>rich and strategic territorial base\u003C/strong>, centred on the Meuse valley\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Cp>Little by little, Pepin governs like the true head of the kingdom, while Merovingian kings remain officially on the throne.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>⏳ Timeline of power without a crown\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>687\u003C/strong>: Pepin of Herstal wins at \u003Cstrong>Tertry\u003C/strong>. Neustrian aristocracy is forced to recognise his authority.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>c. 690\u003C/strong>: Pepin consolidates power by placing supporters in key positions in administration and the army.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>695\u003C/strong>: he strengthens Austrasian control over strategic regions and reinforces networks loyal to the Pippinids.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Late 7th century\u003C/strong>: Pepin governs as the \u003Cstrong>de facto leader of the realm\u003C/strong>, while Merovingian kings remain in the background.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>714\u003C/strong>: Pepin dies. A succession crisis erupts, opening the way to the rise of \u003Cstrong>Charles Martel\u003C/strong>.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>👑 Real power: the mayor of the palace becomes “princeps”\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>With Pepin of Herstal, the office of \u003Cstrong>mayor of the palace\u003C/strong> changes nature.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Once a court officer managing the royal household, the mayor becomes a true \u003Cstrong>political head of the kingdom\u003C/strong>.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Pepin governs by relying on:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>control of the Frankish army\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>influence over great aristocratic families\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>a network of counts and bishops who owe their position to him\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Cp>In several documents of the period, Pepin is designated \u003Cstrong>“Princeps Francorum”\u003C/strong> — the “first of the Franks”. The title reveals political reality: even without a crown, he exercises an authority comparable to that of a king.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Merovingian kings remain useful: they embody \u003Cstrong>dynastic legitimacy\u003C/strong>. But political decisions now pass through the mayor of the palace and his circle.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>🔍 \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"/en/zoom/p4ch9z1\">Zoom – “Princeps Francorum”: when the mayor of the palace rules like a king\u003C/a>\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🗺️ The Meuse estates: the Pippinid power base\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>Pippinid power also rests on an exceptional \u003Cstrong>territorial base\u003C/strong>.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Their centre lies in the \u003Cstrong>Meuse\u003C/strong> valley, around \u003Cstrong>Herstal\u003C/strong>, \u003Cstrong>Jupille\u003C/strong>, and nearby regions.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>These estates offer several advantages:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>significant \u003Cstrong>agricultural revenues\u003C/strong>\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>the ability to mobilise \u003Cstrong>loyal warriors\u003C/strong>\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>strategic control of \u003Cstrong>river trade routes\u003C/strong> linking Gaul to northern Europe\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Cp>Thanks to this base, Pepin can finance campaigns, reward allies, and maintain lasting influence over the Frankish aristocracy.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>🔍 \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"/en/zoom/p4ch9z2\">Zoom – The Meuse valley: the territorial base of the Pippinids\u003C/a>\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>⚔️ Frisia: conquer and convert\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>One of Pepin’s great political goals is to extend Frankish influence northward, into \u003Cstrong>Frisia\u003C/strong>.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cimg src=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Frisia_716-la.svg\" alt=\"Frisia 716-la\">\n\u003Cem>Frisia (716) — Source: Wikimedia Commons\u003C/em>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>This area is strategic: it controls the mouths of the \u003Cstrong>Rhine\u003C/strong> and the \u003Cstrong>Meuse\u003C/strong>, major commercial routes linking Gaul to the North Sea.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Around \u003Cstrong>689\u003C/strong>, Pepin fights the Frisian king \u003Cstrong>Radbod I\u003C/strong> near \u003Cstrong>Dorestad\u003C/strong>, a major trading centre on the Lower Rhine.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The Frankish victory establishes durable influence, even if domination remains fragile.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Pepin combines military conquest with religious policy: he supports Christian missionaries, especially \u003Cstrong>Willibrord\u003C/strong>, who begins evangelising Frisia.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>With Pepin’s backing, Willibrord founds a mission centre at \u003Cstrong>Utrecht\u003C/strong>, which becomes a key anchor of Christianisation in the region.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>This alliance of \u003Cstrong>military conquest and religious mission\u003C/strong> becomes a hallmark of later Carolingian policy.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>🔍 \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"/en/zoom/p4ch9z4\">Zoom – Dorestad and Utrecht: Radbod, Willibrord, and conquest-Christianisation\u003C/a>\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>⚖️ 714: a death, a crisis, an heir\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>When \u003Cstrong>Pepin of Herstal dies in 714\u003C/strong>, he leaves immense power behind — but a fragile succession.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>His legitimate heir is his grandson \u003Cstrong>Theudoald\u003C/strong>, still a child. His widow \u003Cstrong>Plectrude\u003C/strong> tries to act as regent to protect the family inheritance.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>But several aristocratic factions contest the succession. In this troubled context, a new figure emerges: \u003Cstrong>Charles Martel\u003C/strong>, Pepin’s illegitimate son.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Political skill, military talent, and the support of part of the aristocracy will soon allow Charles Martel to impose himself as the new strongman of the realm.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>🔍 \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"/en/zoom/p4ch9z3\">Zoom – 714: succession crisis and the birth of a strongman\u003C/a>\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🧠 Key takeaways\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>After \u003Cstrong>Tertry (687)\u003C/strong>, Pepin of Herstal becomes the true master of the Frankish kingdom.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>The mayor of the palace governs as political leader, while the Merovingian king remains symbolic.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Pippinid estates in the \u003Cstrong>Meuse valley\u003C/strong> provide the economic and military base of this domination.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Campaigns against \u003Cstrong>Frisia\u003C/strong> and support for Christian missions strengthen Frankish influence.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Pepin’s death in \u003Cstrong>714\u003C/strong> triggers a succession crisis that opens the way for \u003Cstrong>Charles Martel\u003C/strong>.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Ch2>Image credits\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Pepin of Herstal — Louis Gallait, CC BY-SA 3.0 \u003Ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0\">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0\u003C/a>, via Wikimedia Commons\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Frisia 716-la — CC BY-SA 3.0 \u003Ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0\">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0\u003C/a>, via Wikimedia Commons\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n",[19,22,25,28],{"id":20,"title":21},"p4ch9z1","\\\"Princeps Francorum\\\": When the Mayor of the Palace Rules Like a King",{"id":23,"title":24},"p4ch9z2","The Meuse Valley: The Pippinids’ Territorial Base",{"id":26,"title":27},"p4ch9z3","714: Succession Crisis and the Birth of a Strongman",{"id":29,"title":30},"p4ch9z4","Dorestad and Utrecht: Radbod, Willibrord, and Conquest-Christianisation","",true,false,"687 à 714","Après Tertry, Pépin de Herstal gouverne comme l'homme fort du royaume. After Tertry (687) , one thing becomes obvious: the Merovingian king still exists, but","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch9.png",{"period":38,"chapters":42},{"id":5,"title":6,"titleEn":6,"titleEs":7,"range":8,"rangeEn":8,"rangeEs":8,"cover":39,"coverArtworkId":41},{"fileName":31,"filePageUrl":31,"imageUrl":40,"sourceLabel":31},"/assets/carousels/p4/Alma-Tadema The Education of the Children of Clovis.jpg","alma-tadema-the-education-of-the-children-of-clovis",[43,49,56,63,69,75,81,87,94,100,107,113,119,125,131,133,139,145,151,157,163,169,175,181,187,193,199,205,211],{"id":44,"title":45,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":46,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":47,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":48,"realm":31,"ready":32},"p4ch1","Clovis: The King Who Forged Gaul","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch1.jpg","Le premier grand roi franc et l'unification de la Gaule.","481 à 511",{"id":50,"title":51,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":52,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":53,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":54,"realm":55,"ready":32},"p4ch2","Theuderic I: Heir of the East (Austrasia)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch2.jpg","Le partage de 511 et la naissance de l'Austrasie.","511 à 534","Austrasie",{"id":57,"title":58,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":59,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":60,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":61,"realm":62,"ready":32},"p4ch2b","Clodomir: Orléans and the Burgundian War","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch2b.png","Division of the Frankish kingdom after the death of Clovis — Source: Wikimedia Commons","511 à 524","Orléans",{"id":64,"title":65,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":66,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":60,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":67,"realm":68,"ready":32},"p4ch2c","Childebert I: Paris, Alliances, and Expansion","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch2c.jpg","511 à 558","Paris",{"id":70,"title":71,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":72,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":73,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":74,"realm":55,"ready":32},"p4ch3","Theudebert I: Austrasia’s King Looking Toward Rome","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch3.png","Un roi d'Austrasie, entre Méditerranée, monnaie et ambitions italiennes.","534 à 548",{"id":76,"title":77,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":78,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":79,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":80,"realm":55,"ready":32},"p4ch3b","Theudebald: A Brief Reign in Austrasia","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch3b.png","The Frankish kingdom in 548 — Source: Wikimedia Commons","548 à 555",{"id":82,"title":83,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":84,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":85,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":86,"realm":31,"ready":32},"p4ch4","Chlothar I: The Last Son of Clovis","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch4.jpg","Rivalités mérovingiennes et retour au royaume unique (558).","511 à 561",{"id":88,"title":89,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":90,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":91,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":92,"realm":93,"ready":32},"p4ch5","Chilperic I: Ambition and the Royal Feud","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch5.jpg","Les luttes de pouvoir et la rivalité Frédégonde-Brunehaut après 561.","561 à 584","Neustrie",{"id":95,"title":96,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":97,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":98,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":99,"realm":55,"ready":32},"p4ch5b","Sigebert I: Austrasia and the Brothers’ War","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch5b.jpg","In 561 , King Chlothar I , the last son of Clovis , died. As in the previous generation, his kingdom was divided among his sons.","561 à 575",{"id":101,"title":102,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":103,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":104,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":105,"realm":106,"ready":32},"p4ch5c","Guntram: Burgundy and Merovingian Arbitration","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch5c.jpg","After King Chlothar I died in 561 , the Frankish kingdom was once again divided among his sons.","561 à 592","Bourgogne",{"id":108,"title":109,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":110,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":111,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":112,"realm":68,"ready":32},"p4ch5d","Charibert I: Paris and a Brief Reign","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch5d.png","In 561 , after King Chlothar I died, the Frankish kingdom was divided among his sons according to Merovingian tradition.","561 à 567",{"id":114,"title":115,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":116,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":117,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":118,"realm":31,"ready":32},"p4ch6","Chlothar II: The Survivor and the Unifier","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch6.png","La fin de la Faide royale et la réunification du royaume franc.","584 à 629",{"id":120,"title":121,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":122,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":123,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":124,"realm":31,"ready":32},"p4ch7","Dagobert I: The Last Great Merovingian King","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch7.png","L'âge d'or mérovingien, Saint Éloi et la fondation de Saint-Denis.","629 à 639",{"id":126,"title":127,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":128,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":129,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":130,"realm":31,"ready":32},"p4ch8","The Mayors of the Palace: Power Shifts (639–687)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch8.jpg","Après Dagobert, la réalité du pouvoir passe aux maires du palais.","639 à 687",{"id":15,"title":16,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":36,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":132,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":34,"realm":31,"ready":32},"Après Tertry, Pépin de Herstal gouverne comme l'homme fort du royaume.",{"id":134,"title":135,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":136,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":137,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":138,"realm":31,"ready":32},"p4ch10","Charles Martel: Ruling Without a Crown (714–741)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch10.png","Après 714, Charles Martel devient l'homme fort du royaume franc.","714 à 741",{"id":140,"title":141,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":142,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":143,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":144,"realm":31,"ready":32},"p4ch11","Pepin the Short: From Real Power to the Crown (741–768)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch11.png","Après 741, Pépin transforme le pouvoir pépinide en royauté.","741 à 768",{"id":146,"title":147,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":148,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":149,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":150,"realm":31,"ready":32},"p4ch12","Charlemagne: Inherit, Conquer, Scale Up (768–814)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch12.png","Après 768, Charlemagne unifie le pouvoir et change d’échelle.","768 à 814",{"id":152,"title":153,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":154,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":155,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":156,"realm":31,"ready":32},"p4ch13","Louis the Pious: The Empire Put to the Test (814–840)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch13.png","À partir de 814, Louis le Pieux tente de maintenir l’unité impériale face aux crises successorales.","814 à 840",{"id":158,"title":159,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":160,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":161,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":162,"realm":31,"ready":32},"p4ch14","Charles the Bald: The Birth of West Francia (840–877)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch14.png","Après 840, la Francie occidentale se stabilise entre guerre civile, Vikings et pouvoirs locaux.","840 à 877",{"id":164,"title":165,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":166,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":167,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":168,"realm":31,"ready":32},"p4ch15","Louis the Stammerer: A Short Reign, a Fragile Kingdom (877–879)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch15.png","Après 877, Louis le Bègue hérite d’un royaume fragilisé et doit composer avec les grands.","877 à 879",{"id":170,"title":171,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":172,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":173,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":174,"realm":31,"ready":32},"p4ch16","Louis III and Carloman II: Two Kings Facing the Vikings (879–884)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch16.jpg","Après 879, deux rois et un royaume sous pression viking ; le pouvoir se joue aussi chez les grands.","879 à 884",{"id":176,"title":177,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":178,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":179,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":180,"realm":31,"ready":32},"p4ch17","Charles the Fat: Carolingian Unity and the Crisis of Power (884–888)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch17.jpg","Le siège de Paris (885–886) met à nu la crise du pouvoir carolingien, jusqu’à la rupture de 887–888.","884 à 888",{"id":182,"title":183,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":184,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":185,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":186,"realm":31,"ready":32},"p4ch18","Odo: The Robertian King and the War of Prestige (888–898)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch18.jpg","Eudes impose une royauté robertienne par sacres, alliances et victoires, face à Charles le Simple.","888 à 898",{"id":188,"title":189,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":190,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":191,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":192,"realm":31,"ready":32},"p4ch19","Charles the Simple: Norman Compromise, Imperial Ambitions, and Fall (898–929)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch19.jpg","Retour carolingien : compromis de 911, axe lotharingien, ambitions impériales, puis déposition et captivité.","898 à 929",{"id":194,"title":195,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":196,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":197,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":198,"realm":31,"ready":32},"p4ch20","Robert I: The Robertian King of Civil War (922–923)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch20.jpg","Règne bref et décisif : sacre de 922, guerre civile, mort à Soissons et transition vers Raoul.","922 à 923",{"id":200,"title":201,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":202,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":203,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":204,"realm":31,"ready":32},"p4ch21","Rudolph of Burgundy: King of the Franks Between Princes and Normans (923–936)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch21.jpg","Règne de Raoul : arbitrer entre princes, stabiliser la Normandie, puis succession carolingienne (936).","923 à 936",{"id":206,"title":207,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":208,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":209,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":210,"realm":31,"ready":32},"p4ch22","Louis IV \\\"d’Outremer\\\": Carolingian Return and the Princes’ War (936–954)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch22.jpg","Restauration carolingienne : rivalité avec Hugues le Grand, crise lotharingienne, capture de 945, puis consolidation.","936 à 954",{"id":212,"title":213,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":214,"thumbnailArtworkId":31,"hasEn":32,"isFallback":33,"teaser":215,"coverFit":31,"coverPosition":31,"chronicle":216,"realm":31,"ready":32},"p4ch23","Lothair and Louis V: The End of the Carolingians (954–987)","/assets/covers/cover-p4ch23.jpg","Lothaire et Louis V : guerre avec l’Empire, crise lotharingienne, mort de 987 et bascule capétienne.","954 à 987",1778543069036]