[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":25},["ShallowReactive",2],{"zoom:p1ch1z1:en":3},{"period":4,"chapter":15,"zoom":18},{"id":5,"title":6,"titleEn":6,"titleEs":7,"range":8,"rangeEn":8,"rangeEs":9,"cover":10},"p1","Prehistory","Prehistoria","≈ 1,000,000 BC → 600 BC","≈ 1 000 000 a. C. → 600 a. C.",{"fileName":11,"filePageUrl":12,"imageUrl":13,"sourceLabel":14},"Lascaux, horse.JPG","https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lascaux%2C%20horse.JPG","/assets/p1-prehistoire-cover.png","Wikimedia Commons",{"id":16,"title":17},"p1ch1","The Origins of Humanity",{"id":19,"title":20,"chapterId":16,"html":21,"hasEn":22,"isFallback":23,"seoDescription":24},"p1ch1z1","The earliest human traces","\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🕰️ When do the first human traces date from?\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cimg src=\"/assets/p1/ch1/z1/geolocation-grotte-vallonnet.png\" alt=\"Location of the Vallonnet Cave\">\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cem>Location map of the Vallonnet Cave (Alpes-Maritimes), one of the oldest human occupation sites in France.\u003C/em>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The earliest traces of human presence discovered in France date back to around \u003Cstrong>1 million years ago\u003C/strong>.\u003Cbr>\nThese traces do not correspond to cities or dwellings, but to \u003Cstrong>evidence of human activity\u003C/strong> preserved in the ground.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>They reflect the passage or temporary settlement of very ancient human groups, long before the emergence of writing or agriculture.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🪨 What types of traces have been found?\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>Archaeologists identify human presence through several types of material remains.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch3>🔹 Stone tools\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cimg src=\"/assets/p1/ch1/z1/biface-acheuleen.png\" alt=\"Prehistoric hand axe\">\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cem>Stone hand axe used by early humans to cut and work materials.\u003C/em>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cimg src=\"/assets/p1/ch1/z1/fracture-conchoïdale.png\" alt=\"Conchoidal fracture on a flint flake\">\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cem>Bulb of percussion on a flint flake showing a characteristic conchoidal fracture.\u003C/em>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>These tools include:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>sharp flakes\u003C/strong>,\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>modified pebbles\u003C/strong>,\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>hand axes\u003C/strong>.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Cp>They were used to cut meat, break bones, and work wood or hides.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch3>🔹 Animal remains and cut marks\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cem>Animal bones bearing cut marks, evidence of human activity.\u003C/em>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Some discoveries show \u003Cstrong>animal bones\u003C/strong> with marks left by stone tools, indicating:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>meat processing,\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>carcass exploitation,\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>sometimes marrow extraction.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch3>🔹 Evidence of site occupation\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cem>Archaeological site of Pont-de-Lavaud (Creuse), revealing early human occupation.\u003C/em>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Archaeologists also find:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>tool-making areas,\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>concentrations of remains,\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>very early hearths (rarer for the earliest periods).\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Cp>These elements confirm that humans \u003Cstrong>made tools\u003C/strong> and \u003Cstrong>used their environment\u003C/strong> in what is now France.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🗺️ Where are these early traces located?\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cem>Map of the main prehistoric sites known in France.\u003C/em>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The oldest sites are mainly located:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>in southern France,\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>along river valleys,\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>in areas favorable to temporary human settlement.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>📸 Image credits\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Vallonnet Cave location — ©OpenStreetMap\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Saint-Acheul hand axe — Muséum de Toulouse, \u003Ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0\">CC BY-SA 4.0\u003C/a>, via Wikimedia Commons\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Conchoidal fracture — José-Manuel Benito Álvarez, \u003Ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5\">CC BY-SA 2.5\u003C/a>, via Wikimedia Commons\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n",true,false,"In-depth look at The earliest human traces from The Origins of Humanity in French history. Timeline, key actors, and consequences are clearly explained.",1778543141622]