[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":24},["ShallowReactive",2],{"zoom:p4ch11z6:en":3},{"period":4,"chapter":14,"zoom":17},{"id":5,"title":6,"titleEn":6,"titleEs":7,"range":8,"rangeEn":8,"rangeEs":8,"cover":9},"p4","Early Middle Ages","Alta Edad Media","476 → 987",{"fileName":10,"filePageUrl":11,"imageUrl":12,"sourceLabel":13},"François Louis Dejuinne 08265 baptême de CLovis.JPG","https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fran%C3%A7ois%20Louis%20Dejuinne%2008265%20bapt%C3%AAme%20de%20CLovis.JPG","/assets/p4-haut-moyen-age-cover.png","Wikimedia Commons",{"id":15,"title":16},"p4ch11","Pepin the Short: From Real Power to the Crown (741–768)",{"id":18,"title":19,"chapterId":15,"html":20,"hasEn":21,"isFallback":22,"seoDescription":23},"p4ch11z6","Waïfre and the War of Aquitaine (760–768)","\u003Cp>In the southwest, Aquitaine is not a homogeneous bloc: it is a space of local powers, aristocratic loyalties, and fortresses. For Pepin the Short, the question is simple: can a Carolingian kingdom last if a major region lives almost like a kingdom within the kingdom?\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>👤 Waïfre: autonomy in resistance\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>Duke \u003Cstrong>Waïfre\u003C/strong> (or Waiofar) embodies Aquitanian autonomy. He relies on local networks and on favourable geography (valleys, forests, distances) to resist Frankish expeditions.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>⚔️ A war of campaigns and sieges\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>Between \u003Cstrong>760\u003C/strong> and \u003Cstrong>768\u003C/strong>, Pepin leads repeated campaigns. They alternate:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>taking and destroying strongholds\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>punitive expeditions against local alliances\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>negotiations and shifts of loyalty\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Cp>This war is also a school: it trains the military cadres who will later accompany Charlemagne.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🧠 Key takeaways\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Aquitaine is a political unity issue, not only a “border war”.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Frankish victory is gradual and relies on sieges and networks.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Pepin’s campaigns prepare the ground for Charlemagne’s reign.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n",true,false,"In the southwest, Aquitaine is not a homogeneous bloc: it is a space of local powers, aristocratic loyalties, and fortresses. For Pepin the Short, the question",1778543118612]