[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":24},["ShallowReactive",2],{"zoom:p4ch12z11:en":3},{"period":4,"chapter":14,"zoom":17},{"id":5,"title":6,"titleEn":6,"titleEs":7,"range":8,"rangeEn":8,"rangeEs":8,"cover":9},"p4","Early Middle Ages","Alta Edad Media","476 → 987",{"fileName":10,"filePageUrl":11,"imageUrl":12,"sourceLabel":13},"François Louis Dejuinne 08265 baptême de CLovis.JPG","https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fran%C3%A7ois%20Louis%20Dejuinne%2008265%20bapt%C3%AAme%20de%20CLovis.JPG","/assets/p4-haut-moyen-age-cover.png","Wikimedia Commons",{"id":15,"title":16},"p4ch12","Charlemagne: Inherit, Conquer, Scale Up (768–814)",{"id":18,"title":19,"chapterId":15,"html":20,"hasEn":21,"isFallback":22,"seoDescription":23},"p4ch12z11","Brittany (786–811): Expeditions, Tribute, and March","\u003Cp>In the West, Brittany does not integrate easily. Breton principalities are Christian, but structured by local powers. For Charlemagne, this is a front of \u003Cstrong>control\u003C/strong>: reduce raids, secure neighbouring counties, obtain submission and tribute.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🧱 An Armorican frontier\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>The counties of \u003Cstrong>Nantes\u003C/strong>, \u003Cstrong>Rennes\u003C/strong>, and \u003Cstrong>Vannes\u003C/strong> form a contact zone: they become a march space meant to supervise a difficult periphery.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>⚔️ Campaigns with uneven results\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>Charlemagne launches expeditions, notably in \u003Cstrong>786\u003C/strong>, and again toward the end of the century. Successes exist, but often remain limited: Breton loyalties fluctuate, and submission can be partial or temporary.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🧠 Key takeaways\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Brittany illustrates a “flexible” expansion: march, tribute, loyalties.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Campaigns do not produce uniform integration.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>The empire is also built on peripheries controlled without being fully absorbed.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n",true,false,"In the West, Brittany does not integrate easily. Breton principalities are Christian, but structured by local powers. For Charlemagne, this is a front of",1778543119598]