[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":24},["ShallowReactive",2],{"zoom:p4ch12z4:en":3},{"period":4,"chapter":14,"zoom":17},{"id":5,"title":6,"titleEn":6,"titleEs":7,"range":8,"rangeEn":8,"rangeEs":8,"cover":9},"p4","Early Middle Ages","Alta Edad Media","476 → 987",{"fileName":10,"filePageUrl":11,"imageUrl":12,"sourceLabel":13},"François Louis Dejuinne 08265 baptême de CLovis.JPG","https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fran%C3%A7ois%20Louis%20Dejuinne%2008265%20bapt%C3%AAme%20de%20CLovis.JPG","/assets/p4-haut-moyen-age-cover.png","Wikimedia Commons",{"id":15,"title":16},"p4ch12","Charlemagne: Inherit, Conquer, Scale Up (768–814)",{"id":18,"title":19,"chapterId":15,"html":20,"hasEn":21,"isFallback":22,"seoDescription":23},"p4ch12z4","Conquests, Marches, and Tributes: Carolingian Expansion (772–814)","\u003Cp>Under Charlemagne, the Frankish kingdom changes scale. But expansion takes several forms: \u003Cstrong>integrated\u003C/strong> territories, frontier zones organised as \u003Cstrong>marches\u003C/strong>, and regions subjected more indirectly (through tribute, hostages, and loyalties).\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>✅ More solid integrations\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>Some regions end up more directly integrated:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Aquitaine\u003C/strong>: progressive control, then organisation around a local royal power (king of Aquitaine).\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Bavaria\u003C/strong>: end of Duke Tassilo’s autonomy and integration through the installation of Frankish counts.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🧱 Marches: governing frontiers\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>Marches are guard zones, more military than civil:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Spanish March\u003C/strong>: a set of counties south of the Pyrenees, designed as a buffer.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Eastern marches\u003C/strong>: along the Danube and toward Slavic lands, to secure routes and borders.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Breton March\u003C/strong>: organisation of the Armorican frontier, with uneven results.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🧾 Tribute and dependencies\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>Not everything is uniformly “annexed”. Some peoples or principalities:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>pay \u003Cstrong>tribute\u003C/strong> (sometimes in kind, for example horses)\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>provide \u003Cstrong>hostages\u003C/strong>\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>accept political dependence without being fully administered like the kingdom’s core\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Cp>This system extends Carolingian authority without turning every conquered space into a fully integrated territory.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🧠 Key takeaways\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Carolingian expansion is vast, but uneven in solidity.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Marches and tributes are major tools of control.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>The empire is an assemblage: a strong centre with more fragile peripheries.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n",true,false,"Under Charlemagne, the Frankish kingdom changes scale. But expansion takes several forms: integrated territories, frontier zones organised as marches , and",1778543119722]