[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":24},["ShallowReactive",2],{"zoom:p4ch12z5:en":3},{"period":4,"chapter":14,"zoom":17},{"id":5,"title":6,"titleEn":6,"titleEs":7,"range":8,"rangeEn":8,"rangeEs":8,"cover":9},"p4","Early Middle Ages","Alta Edad Media","476 → 987",{"fileName":10,"filePageUrl":11,"imageUrl":12,"sourceLabel":13},"François Louis Dejuinne 08265 baptême de CLovis.JPG","https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fran%C3%A7ois%20Louis%20Dejuinne%2008265%20bapt%C3%AAme%20de%20CLovis.JPG","/assets/p4-haut-moyen-age-cover.png","Wikimedia Commons",{"id":15,"title":16},"p4ch12","Charlemagne: Inherit, Conquer, Scale Up (768–814)",{"id":18,"title":19,"chapterId":15,"html":20,"hasEn":21,"isFallback":22,"seoDescription":23},"p4ch12z5","Aquitaine & Vasconia: Submissions, Revolts, the Kingdom of Aquitaine (768–814)","\u003Cp>In the southwest, Frankish authority is old but unstable. Aquitaine and Vasconia (linked to Basque populations) remain a permanent test for Carolingian monarchy: controlling the land means controlling routes, loyalties, and the Pyrenean frontier.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>✅ 768–771: a still fragile inheritance\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>In \u003Cstrong>768\u003C/strong>, Pepin dies just as Aquitaine has been brought back to obedience: Duke \u003Cstrong>Waïfre\u003C/strong> has been assassinated by close associates. During the \u003Cstrong>768–771\u003C/strong> co‑rule, the duchy is split between Charles and Carloman, maintaining uncertainty.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>In \u003Cstrong>769\u003C/strong>, \u003Cstrong>Hunald\u003C/strong> (linked to the old ducal dynasty) leaves his monastic retreat and resumes the struggle. He takes refuge in Vasconia, but Duke \u003Cstrong>Lupus II\u003C/strong> ultimately submits and hands Hunald over to Charles. Aquitaine then returns durably under Frankish control.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>👑 781: a Kingdom of Aquitaine\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>In \u003Cstrong>781\u003C/strong>, Charlemagne entrusts Aquitaine to his son \u003Cstrong>Louis\u003C/strong> (future Louis the Pious), crowned in Rome as king of Aquitaine. The goal is political: stabilise the South by installing a local royal power able to react quickly.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>This arrangement connects with dependencies:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>south of the Garonne, a \u003Cstrong>Vasconia\u003C/strong> held by dukes who submit but remain restless\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>a crucial \u003Cstrong>Septimania\u003C/strong> (Narbonne, Carcassonne), governed by counts and margraves\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🔥 812: a Basque revolt and renewed control\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>In the early 9th century, tensions reappear. In \u003Cstrong>812\u003C/strong>, Vascon leaders revolt against Carolingian authority. Louis leads an expedition beyond the Pyrenees to reassert control, taking precautions (hostages, securing retreat) to avoid ambushes.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🧠 Key takeaways\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Aquitaine is integrated, but in stages and through recurrent crises.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Vasconia remains a zone of unstable loyalties tied to the Pyrenean frontier.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>The Kingdom of Aquitaine (781) is a Carolingian solution to govern the South.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n",true,false,"In the southwest, Frankish authority is old but unstable. Aquitaine and Vasconia (linked to Basque populations) remain a permanent test for Carolingian",1778543119761]