[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":24},["ShallowReactive",2],{"zoom:p4ch13z3:en":3},{"period":4,"chapter":14,"zoom":17},{"id":5,"title":6,"titleEn":6,"titleEs":7,"range":8,"rangeEn":8,"rangeEs":8,"cover":9},"p4","Early Middle Ages","Alta Edad Media","476 → 987",{"fileName":10,"filePageUrl":11,"imageUrl":12,"sourceLabel":13},"François Louis Dejuinne 08265 baptême de CLovis.JPG","https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fran%C3%A7ois%20Louis%20Dejuinne%2008265%20bapt%C3%AAme%20de%20CLovis.JPG","/assets/p4-haut-moyen-age-cover.png","Wikimedia Commons",{"id":15,"title":16},"p4ch13","Louis the Pious: The Empire Put to the Test (814–840)",{"id":18,"title":19,"chapterId":15,"html":20,"hasEn":21,"isFallback":22,"seoDescription":23},"p4ch13z3","843: Verdun and the Birth of West Francia","\u003Cp>The \u003Cstrong>Treaty of Verdun (843)\u003C/strong> is one of the most famous political events of the Middle Ages. It marks the definitive division of the Carolingian Empire after years of civil war among Louis the Pious’s sons.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>⚔️ From civil war to partition\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>After Louis’s death (840), Lothair tries to impose supremacy over the empire, but his brothers refuse. The war ends when none can fully win.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The treaty accepts a new reality: unity is impossible, and balance must be organised through division.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🗺️ Three political spaces\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>Verdun distributes the empire into three major sets:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>West Francia\u003C/strong>: to \u003Cstrong>Charles the Bald\u003C/strong>\u003Cbr>\nThis is the core of the future kingdom of France.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>East Francia\u003C/strong>: to \u003Cstrong>Louis the German\u003C/strong>\u003Cbr>\nThis is the nucleus of future German political space.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Middle Francia\u003C/strong>: to \u003Cstrong>Lothair\u003C/strong>\u003Cbr>\nA long strip from the North Sea to Italy, with the imperial title.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🧠 Why this matters for France\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>West Francia is not “France” yet, but it is the political framework from which France will progressively form, as Capetian and later monarchies consolidate power in this western set.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🧠 Key takeaways\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Verdun is a negotiated end to civil war.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>It creates three long‑lasting political spaces.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>West Francia becomes the main ancestor of medieval France.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n",true,false,"The Treaty of Verdun (843) is one of the most famous political events of the Middle Ages. It marks the definitive division of the Carolingian Empire after",1778543119123]