[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":24},["ShallowReactive",2],{"zoom:p4ch13z6:en":3},{"period":4,"chapter":14,"zoom":17},{"id":5,"title":6,"titleEn":6,"titleEs":7,"range":8,"rangeEn":8,"rangeEs":8,"cover":9},"p4","Early Middle Ages","Alta Edad Media","476 → 987",{"fileName":10,"filePageUrl":11,"imageUrl":12,"sourceLabel":13},"François Louis Dejuinne 08265 baptême de CLovis.JPG","https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fran%C3%A7ois%20Louis%20Dejuinne%2008265%20bapt%C3%AAme%20de%20CLovis.JPG","/assets/p4-haut-moyen-age-cover.png","Wikimedia Commons",{"id":15,"title":16},"p4ch13","Louis the Pious: The Empire Put to the Test (814–840)",{"id":18,"title":19,"chapterId":15,"html":20,"hasEn":21,"isFallback":22,"seoDescription":23},"p4ch13z6","830–835: Civil War Between Louis and His Sons","\u003Cp>Between \u003Cstrong>830\u003C/strong> and \u003Cstrong>835\u003C/strong>, Louis the Pious’s reign is dominated by a sequence of coups, negotiations, and shifting alliances. The central issue is succession: what division is acceptable, and who controls the empire?\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🧾 830: first coup\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>In \u003Cstrong>830\u003C/strong>, Pepin and Louis seize the imperial palace and the emperor. They impose the removal of \u003Cstrong>Judith\u003C/strong> (sent to a monastery) and entrust \u003Cstrong>Charles\u003C/strong> to monks. \u003Cstrong>Bernard of Septimania\u003C/strong> flees and takes refuge in his southern domains.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Lothair\u003C/strong>, returned from Italy, keeps his father on the throne, but under his surveillance as associated emperor.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🗺️ 830–831: Nijmegen and the four‑part division\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>Louis obtains the support of German bishops and opens negotiations with Pepin and Louis, who eventually break with Lothair. At the assembly of \u003Cstrong>Nijmegen (830)\u003C/strong>, Lothair agrees to return to Italy.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Louis then challenges the 817 balance and prepares a new division, formalised in \u003Cstrong>831\u003C/strong>:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Lothair keeps Italy and the imperial title (until his death)\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>the rest of the empire is distributed among Pepin, Louis, and Charles, with the idea that these kingdoms will become independent after Lothair\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🧨 832: Aquitaine confiscated\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>The crisis continues. At the assembly of \u003Cstrong>October 832\u003C/strong> at the palace of \u003Cstrong>Jocundiacum\u003C/strong> (near Limoges), Louis confiscates Pepin’s domains and has \u003Cstrong>Charles the Bald\u003C/strong> acclaimed in Aquitaine as a promise of a future Aquitanian throne.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🏟️ 833: the “Field of Lies” and deposition\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>In \u003Cstrong>June 833\u003C/strong>, Lothair returns at the head of an army, accompanied by Pope \u003Cstrong>Gregory IV\u003C/strong>, and joins his brothers against their father. On the “Field of Lies”, Louis’s supporters abandon him one after another. \u003Cstrong>Judith\u003C/strong> is taken to Italy and \u003Cstrong>Charles\u003C/strong> is placed in the monastery of \u003Cstrong>Prüm\u003C/strong>.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>In \u003Cstrong>November 833\u003C/strong>, at \u003Cstrong>Soissons\u003C/strong>, Louis undergoes a public penance and must renounce imperial dignity.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🔁 834–835: overturning the overturning\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>Lothair cannot satisfy his brothers durably. A new coalition forms against him; he is forced to return to Italy. In \u003Cstrong>835\u003C/strong>, Louis recovers his imperial title at the council of \u003Cstrong>Thionville\u003C/strong>.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🧠 Key takeaways\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Carolingian civil war is a succession crisis, but also a crisis of loyalties.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Assemblies (Nijmegen, Jocundiacum) matter as much as battles.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Papal involvement (833) shows how religious arbitration weighs on imperial politics.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n",true,false,"Between 830 and 835 , Louis the Pious’s reign is dominated by a sequence of coups, negotiations, and shifting alliances. The central issue is succession: what",1778543119211]