[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":24},["ShallowReactive",2],{"zoom:p4ch14z2:en":3},{"period":4,"chapter":14,"zoom":17},{"id":5,"title":6,"titleEn":6,"titleEs":7,"range":8,"rangeEn":8,"rangeEs":8,"cover":9},"p4","Early Middle Ages","Alta Edad Media","476 → 987",{"fileName":10,"filePageUrl":11,"imageUrl":12,"sourceLabel":13},"François Louis Dejuinne 08265 baptême de CLovis.JPG","https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fran%C3%A7ois%20Louis%20Dejuinne%2008265%20bapt%C3%AAme%20de%20CLovis.JPG","/assets/p4-haut-moyen-age-cover.png","Wikimedia Commons",{"id":15,"title":16},"p4ch14","Charles the Bald: The Birth of West Francia (840–877)",{"id":18,"title":19,"chapterId":15,"html":20,"hasEn":21,"isFallback":22,"seoDescription":23},"p4ch14z2","843: Verdun, Three Francias","\u003Cp>The \u003Cstrong>Treaty of Verdun (843)\u003C/strong> ends a phase of civil war among Louis the Pious’s sons. It stabilises a partition of Carolingian space and creates durable political frameworks.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🗺️ Three sets\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>Verdun divides the inheritance into three zones:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>West Francia\u003C/strong>: in the West, under \u003Cstrong>Charles the Bald\u003C/strong>;\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>East Francia\u003C/strong>: in the East, under \u003Cstrong>Louis the German\u003C/strong>;\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Middle Francia\u003C/strong> (\u003Cem>Francia media\u003C/em>): a long corridor from the North to Italy, given to \u003Cstrong>Lothair\u003C/strong>, who keeps the imperial title. This set is later often associated with the name \u003Cstrong>Lotharingia\u003C/strong> (from Lothair/Lothar), even though its borders and unity vary over time.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🇫🇷 Why it matters for the history of France\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>West Francia is not “France” in the modern sense, but it is a foundation: a western, largely Romance‑speaking kingdom that will gradually build institutions, borders, and dynastic continuity.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>⚠️ A partition that does not end conflicts\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>The treaty stabilises a situation but does not solve everything:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>the middle space is hard to hold and becomes a permanent stake;\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>heirs continue to negotiate, fight, and redivide regions;\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>in the West, the king must negotiate with powerful regional elites under military pressure (Viking raids).\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🧠 Key takeaways\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Verdun durably structures post‑Carolingian Europe.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>West Francia becomes a central reference for the history of France.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>The treaty fixes a framework, but political fragmentation continues.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n",true,false,"The Treaty of Verdun (843) ends a phase of civil war among Louis the Pious’s sons. It stabilises a partition of Carolingian space and creates durable political",1778543120383]