[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":24},["ShallowReactive",2],{"zoom:p4ch14z4:en":3},{"period":4,"chapter":14,"zoom":17},{"id":5,"title":6,"titleEn":6,"titleEs":7,"range":8,"rangeEn":8,"rangeEs":8,"cover":9},"p4","Early Middle Ages","Alta Edad Media","476 → 987",{"fileName":10,"filePageUrl":11,"imageUrl":12,"sourceLabel":13},"François Louis Dejuinne 08265 baptême de CLovis.JPG","https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fran%C3%A7ois%20Louis%20Dejuinne%2008265%20bapt%C3%AAme%20de%20CLovis.JPG","/assets/p4-haut-moyen-age-cover.png","Wikimedia Commons",{"id":15,"title":16},"p4ch14","Charles the Bald: The Birth of West Francia (840–877)",{"id":18,"title":19,"chapterId":15,"html":20,"hasEn":21,"isFallback":22,"seoDescription":23},"p4ch14z4","864: The Edict of Pîtres","\u003Cp>Facing Viking raids, Charles the Bald tries to improve the kingdom’s defence. The \u003Cstrong>Edict of Pîtres (864)\u003C/strong> is often presented as a pragmatic response to a new kind of war: mobile, fast, and centred on river valleys.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🧱 Fortified bridges and control of routes\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>One key idea: prevent fleets from sailing upriver. The government encourages building and maintaining defensive devices, especially around crossing points (bridges, fords), in order to block ships and slow raids.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🐎 Mobilise faster\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>The kingdom must also reduce reaction time. 9th‑century military adjustments aim to:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>improve mobilisation;\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>strengthen pursuit capacity;\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>limit opportunistic behaviour (internal plunder, diversion of troops).\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>⚖️ A defence policy… and a policy of authority\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>The edict is not only military: it reminds that defence is a matter of obedience, coordination, and institutions. In a kingdom where local powers gain weight, the king’s ability to impose a common strategy becomes a major stake.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🪙 Coinage and royal control\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>The edict is also linked to a desire to order economic and administrative matters. \u003Cstrong>Coinage\u003C/strong> is highlighted as an instrument of sovereignty: controlling minting and monetary rules strengthens the king’s authority and facilitates exchange in a fragmented kingdom. In this perspective, the 864 edict is sometimes presented as one of the early milestones of a durable monetary institution in France.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🧠 Key takeaways\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Pîtres (864) marks a structured response to Viking raids.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Control of bridges and rivers becomes central.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Coinage participates in strengthening authority and organising the kingdom.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Defence reinforces the logic of an “organised” kingdom built on orders and local relays.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n",true,false,"Facing Viking raids, Charles the Bald tries to improve the kingdom’s defence. The Edict of Pîtres (864) is often presented as a pragmatic response to a new",1778543120474]