[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":24},["ShallowReactive",2],{"zoom:p4ch14z7:en":3},{"period":4,"chapter":14,"zoom":17},{"id":5,"title":6,"titleEn":6,"titleEs":7,"range":8,"rangeEn":8,"rangeEs":8,"cover":9},"p4","Early Middle Ages","Alta Edad Media","476 → 987",{"fileName":10,"filePageUrl":11,"imageUrl":12,"sourceLabel":13},"François Louis Dejuinne 08265 baptême de CLovis.JPG","https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fran%C3%A7ois%20Louis%20Dejuinne%2008265%20bapt%C3%AAme%20de%20CLovis.JPG","/assets/p4-haut-moyen-age-cover.png","Wikimedia Commons",{"id":15,"title":16},"p4ch14","Charles the Bald: The Birth of West Francia (840–877)",{"id":18,"title":19,"chapterId":15,"html":20,"hasEn":21,"isFallback":22,"seoDescription":23},"p4ch14z7","843–867: Brittany, Ballon, Jengland, and Treaties","\u003Cp>Under Charles the Bald, Brittany moves from a zone “to be held” to a kingdom imposing its conditions. Between \u003Cstrong>843\u003C/strong> and \u003Cstrong>851\u003C/strong>, war, raids, and treaties reshape the balance of power in the West.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🤝 841–843: from an oath to war\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>In \u003Cstrong>841\u003C/strong>, Charles receives the oath of \u003Cstrong>Nominoë\u003C/strong>, a major figure in Brittany. But as early as \u003Cstrong>843\u003C/strong>, hostilities begin: Brittany becomes an active front while the kingdom already faces Vikings and internal tensions.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Charles tries to secure the Loire: he entrusts \u003Cstrong>Bégon\u003C/strong> with defending the south bank around Nantes, with the installation of a stronghold at the origin of \u003Cstrong>Bouguenais\u003C/strong>. Divisions in the Frankish camp nevertheless limit the effectiveness of this system.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>⚔️ 845: Ballon\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>In \u003Cstrong>845\u003C/strong>, \u003Cstrong>Nominoë\u003C/strong> wins the battle of \u003Cstrong>Ballon\u003C/strong> against Charles. The victory strengthens Breton autonomy and weighs on negotiations.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>📜 846: a first treaty\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>An agreement in \u003Cstrong>846\u003C/strong> recognises Nominoë as ruler in Brittany. It is not only a military compromise: it is a political status change, acknowledging a more independent Brittany within Carolingian space.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🧨 849: hostilities resume\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>In \u003Cstrong>849\u003C/strong>, war resumes. Bretons raid West Francia (notably \u003Cstrong>Maine\u003C/strong>, \u003Cstrong>Anjou\u003C/strong>, \u003Cstrong>Poitou\u003C/strong>) and seize \u003Cstrong>Rennes\u003C/strong> and \u003Cstrong>Nantes\u003C/strong>. At this moment, Viking pressure and Frankish weaknesses amplify the Breton advantage.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🏁 851: Jengland and the Treaty of Angers\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>On \u003Cstrong>22 August 851\u003C/strong>, Charles is defeated at \u003Cstrong>Jengland\u003C/strong> by \u003Cstrong>Erispoë\u003C/strong>. In \u003Cstrong>September\u003C/strong>, the Treaty of \u003Cstrong>Angers\u003C/strong>:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>cedes to Erispoë the counties of \u003Cstrong>Rennes\u003C/strong> and \u003Cstrong>Nantes\u003C/strong> as well as the \u003Cstrong>Pays de Retz\u003C/strong>;\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>recognises a Breton royal title in exchange for \u003Cstrong>homage\u003C/strong>.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🧩 867: Compiègne and Breton expansion\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>Under \u003Cstrong>Salomon\u003C/strong>, the new king of Brittany, Charles must accept further expansion: by the Treaty of \u003Cstrong>Compiègne (867)\u003C/strong>, he concedes the \u003Cstrong>Cotentin\u003C/strong> and the \u003Cstrong>Avranchin\u003C/strong>.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🧠 Key takeaways\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Brittany gains a more autonomous political status between 843 and 851.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Defeats (Ballon, Jengland) lead to structuring treaties (846, Angers 851).\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Compiègne (867) marks a territorial expansion recognised by Charles.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n",true,false,"Under Charles the Bald, Brittany moves from a zone “to be held” to a kingdom imposing its conditions. Between 843 and 851 , war, raids, and treaties reshape",1778543120637]