[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":25},["ShallowReactive",2],{"zoom:p5ch15z13:en":3},{"period":4,"chapter":15,"zoom":18},{"id":5,"title":6,"titleEn":6,"titleEs":7,"coverArtworkId":8,"range":9,"rangeEn":9,"rangeEs":9,"cover":10},"p5","High Middle Ages","Plena Edad Media","hannibal-alpes","987 → 1453",{"fileName":11,"filePageUrl":12,"imageUrl":13,"sourceLabel":14},"Facade-notre-dame-paris-ciel-bleu.JPG","https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Facade-notre-dame-paris-ciel-bleu.JPG","/assets/p5-moyen-age-classique-cover.png","Wikimedia Commons",{"id":16,"title":17},"p5ch15","Philip VI of Valois: A New Dynasty, A War Begins (1328–1350)",{"id":19,"title":20,"chapterId":16,"html":21,"hasEn":22,"isFallback":23,"seoDescription":24},"p5ch15z13","1336–1338: The Race for Alliances and \"Sterling Diplomacy\"","\u003Cp>At the beginning of the Hundred Years’ War, the balance of power is decided as much by \u003Cstrong>alliances\u003C/strong> as by battles. Edward III deploys a strategy where money, wool, and privileges count as much as knights: a “sterling diplomacy” designed to encircle Valois to north and east.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🧶 Wool, Cloth, and Economic Pressure\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>After the vote of subsidies by the English Parliament (Nottingham), the march to war accelerates. At the end of \u003Cstrong>1336\u003C/strong>, Edward III forbids the sale of \u003Cstrong>English wool\u003C/strong> to Flanders. In \u003Cstrong>February 1337\u003C/strong>, he grants privileges to foreign workers settling in England and forbids the import of foreign cloth.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The aim is twofold: to make England seem able to live without Flanders, and to force cloth towns (Ypres, Ghent, Bruges, Lille) to choose between English suppliers and French outlets. Edward also favors \u003Cstrong>Brabant\u003C/strong> (Malines, Brussels): 30,000 sacks of wool are delivered on condition of yielding nothing to Flemish cities.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🧾 Valenciennes: An “Alliance Exchange”\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>English ambassadors hold at \u003Cstrong>Valenciennes\u003C/strong>, at the gates of the kingdom, a veritable exchange of alliances: one monetizes fidélités there, exploiting princely rivalries and hates of Valois. Flemish cities and Brabant tip toward England, soon followed by \u003Cstrong>Hainaut\u003C/strong> (Edward III is the husband of \u003Cstrong>Philippa of Hainaut\u003C/strong>). The coalition extends to Rhenish principalities (Juliers, Limbourg, Clèves…).\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🦅 Emperor Louis of Bavaria and the Title of “Vicar Imperial”\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>The game is more subtle with Emperor \u003Cstrong>Louis of Bavaria\u003C/strong>, excommunicated and weakened. In \u003Cstrong>August 1337\u003C/strong>, he sells his adherence to the Plantagenets. Edward III obtains the title of \u003Cstrong>“Vicar Imperial in Lower Germany,”\u003C/strong> which strengthens his position on the Rhine and the Meuse.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>In \u003Cstrong>September 1338\u003C/strong>, at \u003Cstrong>Coblence\u003C/strong>, grand festivities celebrate this alliance, financed by England. Benedict XII protests, but equivocates and still attempts mediation.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🛡️ Philip VI’s Responses: Fewer Allies, More Solidity\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>Philip VI and his council (notably \u003Cstrong>Miles of Noyers\u003C/strong>) respond through pensions and more stable alliances: Counts of Savoy and Genève, loyalty of \u003Cstrong>John of Luxembourg\u003C/strong> (“John the Blind”), support of \u003Cstrong>Genoa\u003C/strong> (ships and crossbowmen), Hapsburgese sympathies. A major diplomatic success is the alliance of \u003Cstrong>Castile\u003C/strong> (December 1336): a useful maritime aid on the Atlantic.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🧠 Key Points to Remember\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Wool and money structure the war from its opening.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>1337–1338: English coalition to north and in Empire, title of vicar imperial.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Philip VI compensates through fewer but more solid alliances.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n",true,false,"At the beginning of the Hundred Years’ War, the balance of power is decided as much by alliances as by battles. Edward III deploys a strategy where money,",1778543138426]