[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":25},["ShallowReactive",2],{"zoom:p5ch16z6:en":3},{"period":4,"chapter":15,"zoom":18},{"id":5,"title":6,"titleEn":6,"titleEs":7,"coverArtworkId":8,"range":9,"rangeEn":9,"rangeEs":9,"cover":10},"p5","High Middle Ages","Plena Edad Media","hannibal-alpes","987 → 1453",{"fileName":11,"filePageUrl":12,"imageUrl":13,"sourceLabel":14},"Facade-notre-dame-paris-ciel-bleu.JPG","https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Facade-notre-dame-paris-ciel-bleu.JPG","/assets/p5-moyen-age-classique-cover.png","Wikimedia Commons",{"id":16,"title":17},"p5ch16","John II the Good: Captivity, Internal Crisis, and the Treaty of Brétigny (1350–1364)",{"id":19,"title":20,"chapterId":16,"html":21,"hasEn":22,"isFallback":23,"seoDescription":24},"p5ch16z6","1359–1364: Ransom, the 'Franc', and Governing in Crisis","\u003Cp>After Poitiers, the state must finance both war, internal security, and the king’s ransom. Fiscal policy and currency become instruments of political survival: they can save the kingdom, but also trigger contestation.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>💰 Paying the Ransom: Expedients and Marriages\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>The payment of the ransom negotiated in 1360 exhausts the kingdom. Ordinary levies and fiscal expedients are insufficient. To raise immediate sums, the monarchy also mobilizes family diplomacy: a princess’s marriage can become a financial operation.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>In this context, the marriage of \u003Cstrong>Isabella of France\u003C/strong> to \u003Cstrong>John Galeazzo Visconti\u003C/strong> (Milan) serves to obtain liquid funds and facilitate the first payments demanded for the king’s liberation.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🪙 Currency and Confidence\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>Currency mutations fuel inflation and suspicion. Stabilizing the currency means stabilizing the king’s credit. In this context, the appearance of the \u003Cstrong>franc\u003C/strong> (linked to the idea of the king’s liberation) fits into a reassurance strategy.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>On \u003Cstrong>December 5, 1360\u003C/strong>, on the return route, John II has the \u003Cstrong>franc\u003C/strong> struck: a strong gold coin, conceived as a break from repeated devaluations. The choice of name and iconography is as political as economic: showing a king “frank” (liberated) and restoring confidence.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>This demand for stable currency is also borne by the Estates and by learned reflections on monetary power, which denounce mutations as a disguised tax.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🏰 Companies and Insecurity\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>Truce periods do not mean social peace: unpaid mercenaries form companies that live off the country. Securing roads and countryside becomes a matter of sovereignty as important as diplomacy.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🏛️ Resuming Government After 1360\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>Upon his return, John II intends to govern without truly sharing power: he accommodates elites, but keeps his hand on the council. The royal party relies on men of trust, reduces or reorganizes certain offices, and puts pressure on financial personnel often unpopular.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>This resumption also reconfigures the balance with the Dauphin, who withdraws to his territorial responsibilities while the center of power tightens around the king.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🧠 To Remember\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>The ransom and currency structure internal politics.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>The franc is a monetary reform and a gesture of legitimacy.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>The companies transform war into permanent insecurity.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n",true,false,"After Poitiers, the state must finance both war, internal security, and the king’s ransom. Fiscal policy and currency become instruments of political survival:",1778543137887]