[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":22},["ShallowReactive",2],{"zoom:p6ch2z25:en":3},{"period":4,"chapter":12,"zoom":15},{"id":5,"title":6,"titleEn":6,"titleEs":7,"range":8,"rangeEn":8,"rangeEs":8,"covers":9},"p6","The Hundred Years' War","La Guerra de los Cien Años","1328 → 1461",[10],{"filename":11,"url":11},"COMTE_Pierre-Charles_Sacre_de_Charles_VII_Huile_sur_toile.jpg",{"id":13,"title":14},"p6ch2","John II the Good: Captivity, Internal Crisis, and the Treaty of Brétigny (1350–1364)",{"id":16,"title":17,"chapterId":13,"html":18,"hasEn":19,"isFallback":20,"seoDescription":21},"p6ch2z25","1363–1364: Avignon, Crusade Project, Return to London, and Funeral","\u003Cp>After Brétigny, John II must face two urgent matters: paying the ransom and retaking control of a kingdom ravaged by companies. A dream solution would be to transform insecurity into an external expedition, while obtaining papal financing.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🕍 1363: Avignon, Papacy, and Financial Impasse\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>John II goes to \u003Cstrong>Avignon\u003C/strong> to seek papal aid. He also hopes to arrange a major marriage for his son \u003Cstrong>Philip\u003C/strong>. But the papacy changes hands: plans encounter political and financial constraints, and the envisioned union does not come about.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>✝️ March 30, 1363: “Taking the Companies” on Crusade\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>Pope \u003Cstrong>Urban V\u003C/strong> imagines a solution: send the companies on crusade, which would relieve both France and papal territory. John II is seduced: an expedition would allow him to reclaim honor, and he hopes to capture some ecclesiastical financing.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>On \u003Cstrong>March 30, 1363\u003C/strong>, he receives the cross at Avignon. But the papacy strictly regulates fund-raising, which reduces the king’s maneuver room.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🏛️ December 1363: States at Amiens, Decision to Return\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>The ransom remains difficult to pay and hostage liberation drags on. John II convenes the States at \u003Cstrong>Amiens\u003C/strong> late \u003Cstrong>December 1363\u003C/strong> and announces his decision to return to England to renegotiate, in a context where some hostages are escaping.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>⚰️ 1364: Death in London and Return of the Body\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>John II leaves for \u003Cstrong>London\u003C/strong> on \u003Cstrong>January 3, 1364\u003C/strong>. He dies on \u003Cstrong>April 8, 1364\u003C/strong>, at the Savoy hotel. Sources do not allow establishing a single cause with certainty: illness and exhaustion from captivity are plausible explanations.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The body is returned to the kingdom in early May: it is exposed, then buried at \u003Cstrong>Saint‑Denis\u003C/strong>, royal necropolis.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🧠 To Remember\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Avignon and the crusade are an attempt at political and financial “exit”.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>The return to London underscores the ransom impasse.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>The king’s death closes a reign of crises, but leaves instruments for recovery.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n",true,false,"After Brétigny, John II must face two urgent matters: paying the ransom and retaking control of a kingdom ravaged by companies. A dream solution would be to",1782343320061]