[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":22},["ShallowReactive",2],{"zoom:p6ch5z8:en":3},{"period":4,"chapter":12,"zoom":15},{"id":5,"title":6,"titleEn":6,"titleEs":7,"range":8,"rangeEn":8,"rangeEs":8,"covers":9},"p6","The Hundred Years' War","La Guerra de los Cien Años","1328 → 1461",[10],{"filename":11,"url":11},"COMTE_Pierre-Charles_Sacre_de_Charles_VII_Huile_sur_toile.jpg",{"id":13,"title":14},"p6ch5","Charles VII: Joan of Arc, Reconquest and Restoration of the State (1422–1461)",{"id":16,"title":17,"chapterId":13,"html":18,"hasEn":19,"isFallback":20,"seoDescription":21},"p6ch5z8","1438: Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges","\u003Cp>After the crises of legitimacy and war, Charles VII sought to consolidate his authority. Part of this consolidation involved the relationship between the State and the Church.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🏛️ The Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>In 1438, King Charles VII, eager to assert his authority over the Church of France, convened an assembly composed of bishops, clergy, theologians and representatives of Pope Eugene IV, at the \u003Cstrong>Sainte-Chapelle of Bourges\u003C/strong>.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The \u003Cstrong>Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges\u003C/strong>, promulgated on \u003Cstrong>7 July 1438\u003C/strong>, allowed the king to impose himself as the natural head of the Church of France. This foundational text conferred several powers upon him:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Appointment of the principal representatives of the French clergy in abbeys and episcopal seats\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Right of oversight and intervention over the redistribution of religious revenues to the Holy See\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Required approval of councils and the sovereign pontiff for appointments\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Cp>This measure marked the beginnings of \u003Cstrong>Gallicanism\u003C/strong>, a doctrine asserting the liberties of the Church of France vis-à-vis the papacy.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🏛️ Bourges (1438): asserting ecclesiastical “liberties”\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>The Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges reinforced the idea of a Church of the kingdom endowed with its own rules, with a king as protector of ecclesiastical rights against outside pressures. In political practice, it was an instrument:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>of sovereignty\u003C/strong>: asserting the autonomy of the kingdom\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>of administration\u003C/strong>: better controlling appointments and finances\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>of legitimation\u003C/strong>: presenting a reforming king as guardian of the common good\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🧠 Key points\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>7 July 1438\u003C/strong>: promulgation of the Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Charles VII asserted himself as head of the Church of France\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Beginnings of French Gallicanism\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Strengthening of royal authority over religious affairs\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>The reconstruction of the State also passed through religious institutions\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n",true,false,"After the crises of legitimacy and war, Charles VII sought to consolidate his authority. Part of this consolidation involved the relationship between the State",1782343320915]