[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":184},["ShallowReactive",2],{"chapter:p5ch10:es":3,"chapters:p5:es":54},{"period":4,"chapter":15},{"id":5,"title":6,"titleEn":7,"titleEs":6,"coverArtworkId":8,"range":9,"rangeEn":9,"rangeEs":9,"cover":10},"p5","Plena Edad Media","High Middle Ages","hannibal-alpes","987 → 1453",{"fileName":11,"filePageUrl":12,"imageUrl":13,"sourceLabel":14},"Facade-notre-dame-paris-ciel-bleu.JPG","https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Facade-notre-dame-paris-ciel-bleu.JPG","/assets/p5-moyen-age-classique-cover.png","Wikimedia Commons",{"id":16,"title":17,"periodId":5,"html":18,"zooms":19,"thumbnailArtworkId":47,"hasEn":48,"isFallback":49,"coverFit":50,"coverPosition":50,"chronicle":51,"realm":50,"seoDescription":52,"thumbnailUrl":53},"p5ch10","Philip III the Bold: Capetian Continuity and Mediterranean Crises (1270–1285)","\u003Cp>The death of \u003Cstrong>Louis IX\u003C/strong> before \u003Cstrong>Tunis\u003C/strong> in \u003Cstrong>1270\u003C/strong> opens a new stage in Capetian history. With the accession of \u003Cstrong>Philip III\u003C/strong>, the French monarchy remained solidly established, but entered a period marked by different challenges from those of the previous reign. The new king inherited a kingdom strengthened by territorial acquisitions, by the development of royal administration, and by the exceptional prestige attached to the figure of his father, soon to be elevated to sainthood.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Succeeding \u003Cstrong>Louis IX\u003C/strong> was a political as much as a symbolic challenge. \u003Cstrong>Philip III\u003C/strong>, known as \u003Cem>the Bold\u003C/em>, did not merely receive the crown: he took his place in the shadow of a sovereign whose reign already embodied, for contemporaries, an ideal of Christian justice and Capetian majesty. His government was therefore first and foremost one of dynastic continuity, while also having to respond to new realities.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The reign of \u003Cstrong>Philip III\u003C/strong> was marked by the continued extension of the royal domain, by the closer integration of several southern principalities, and by a gradual shift in major challenges towards the Mediterranean world. The ambitions of the Capetian house in \u003Cstrong>Italy\u003C/strong>, the actions of \u003Cstrong>Charles of Anjou\u003C/strong>, relations with the \u003Cstrong>papacy\u003C/strong>, tensions with \u003Cstrong>Aragon\u003C/strong>, and the unstable balances of Latin Christendom gave this period a distinctive character.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Before his accession, Philip already occupied an important place within the dynasty. Married in \u003Cstrong>1262\u003C/strong> to \u003Cstrong>Isabella of Aragon\u003C/strong>, he was the father of several sons, among them the future \u003Cstrong>Philip IV the Fair\u003C/strong>. His sobriquet of \u003Cstrong>“the Bold”\u003C/strong> referred less to exceptional political energy than to the personal bravery and chivalric valour attributed to him by chroniclers.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The reign of \u003Cstrong>Philip III\u003C/strong> thus appears as a period of transition between two major moments in Capetian history: it prolonged the work of monarchical consolidation accomplished under \u003Cstrong>Louis IX\u003C/strong>, while preparing, through its dynastic, territorial and diplomatic choices, the more profound transformations that would mark the government of \u003Cstrong>Philip the Fair\u003C/strong>.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>I. 1271–1274: Philip III’s Accession and Recomposition of the Kingdom\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>The new king \u003Cstrong>Philip III the Bold\u003C/strong> was consecrated at \u003Cstrong>Reims\u003C/strong> on \u003Cstrong>15 August 1271\u003C/strong>. This coronation, coming after the difficult return from the Tunis crusade and the bereavements that had struck the royal family, gave full legitimacy to the Capetian succession. At the same time, \u003Cstrong>Philip III\u003C/strong> inherited a political context profoundly transformed by the disappearance of several leading princes.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cimg src=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b0/Miniature_Philippe_III_Courronement.jpg\" alt=\"Coronation of Philip III of France\" class=\"kb-img-contain\">\n\u003Cem>Coronation of Philip III of France: public domain, Via Wikimedia Commons\u003C/em>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>On \u003Cstrong>25 August 1271\u003C/strong>, following the deaths of \u003Cstrong>Joan of Toulouse\u003C/strong> and \u003Cstrong>Alphonse of Poitiers\u003C/strong>, the \u003Cstrong>County of Toulouse\u003C/strong>, \u003Cstrong>Poitou\u003C/strong> and \u003Cstrong>Auvergne\u003C/strong> reverted to the crown. This union constituted a major turning point: it considerably strengthened the royal domain and accelerated the integration of the southern lands into the Capetian ensemble. In \u003Cstrong>Toulouse\u003C/strong>, the \u003Cem>capitouls\u003C/em> recognised the new king’s authority from \u003Cstrong>1 September\u003C/strong>, while the county’s nobility swore homage in \u003Cstrong>October 1271\u003C/strong>. The incorporation of this inheritance into the royal domain helped draw the France of \u003Cstrong>oc\u003C/strong> and the France of \u003Cstrong>oïl\u003C/strong> closer together.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cimg src=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Castle_of_Foix_05.jpg\" alt=\"Castle of Foix\" class=\"kb-img-contain\">\n\u003Cem>Castle of Foix: Krzysztof Golik, CC BY-SA 4.0 \u003Ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0\">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0\u003C/a>, via Wikimedia Commons\u003C/em>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>This takeover quickly translated into action on the ground. In \u003Cstrong>1272\u003C/strong>, \u003Cstrong>Philip III\u003C/strong> intervened against noble resistance in the Midi. Between \u003Cstrong>3 and 5 June\u003C/strong>, royal troops besieged and took the \u003Cstrong>castle of Foix\u003C/strong>, and Count \u003Cstrong>Roger-Bernard\u003C/strong> was taken prisoner. Capetian administration was then put in place in the newly united territories, notably with the appointment of \u003Cstrong>Eustache de Beaumarchès\u003C/strong> as the first royal seneschal of \u003Cstrong>Toulouse\u003C/strong> and the \u003Cstrong>Albigensian\u003C/strong> lands.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cimg src=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/Histoire_de_France_populaire_-_Marie_de_Brabant_et_Adenet_le_Roi.jpg\" alt=\"Marie of Brabant and Adenet le Roi\" class=\"kb-img-contain\">\n\u003Cem>Marie of Brabant and the trouvère Adenet le Roi: Émile Bayard, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons\u003C/em>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>In \u003Cstrong>1274\u003C/strong>, \u003Cstrong>Philip III\u003C/strong> married \u003Cstrong>Marie of Brabant\u003C/strong>, consolidating new princely alliances. The same year, he also acquired the \u003Cstrong>county of Nemours\u003C/strong>. At the \u003Cstrong>Second Council of Lyon\u003C/strong> (\u003Cstrong>1274\u003C/strong>), Pope Gregory X received ambassadors from the ilkhan \u003Cstrong>Abaqa\u003C/strong> and attempted to coordinate joint action with the Persian Mongols and Byzantine Emperor \u003Cstrong>Michael VIII Palaiologos\u003C/strong> against Muslim powers in the Near East. The union of the Greek and Latin Churches was proclaimed at \u003Cstrong>Lyon\u003C/strong> on \u003Cstrong>29 June 1274\u003C/strong>, though it remained fragile.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cimg src=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Comtat_Venaissin.jpg\" alt=\"Map of the Comtat Venaissin\" class=\"kb-img-contain\">\n\u003Cem>Map of the Comtat Venaissin (Papal States) in 1789 and the adjacent French provinces: Paul Vidal de La Blache (1845-1918), Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons\u003C/em>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>In \u003Cstrong>1274\u003C/strong>, Philip III definitively ceded the \u003Cstrong>Comtat Venaissin\u003C/strong> to the Pope, reinforcing the papacy’s territorial presence in the Rhône valley. In \u003Cstrong>November 1273\u003C/strong>, the \u003Cstrong>canonisation inquiry of Louis IX\u003C/strong> opened — a sign of the political and religious importance taken on by the figure of the former king. The new reign thus opened in the prestigious shadow of \u003Cstrong>Saint Louis\u003C/strong>, whose memory contributed to legitimising dynastic continuity.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>II. 1276–1284: Mediterranean Tensions and the Rise of the Aragonese Crisis\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>During the later years of \u003Cstrong>Philip III the Bold\u003C/strong>’s reign, the Capetian monarchy remained solidly installed in the kingdom, but found itself increasingly drawn into the Mediterranean crises provoked by the expansion of the Angevin house. This period was also marked by religious tensions, decisions affecting Jewish communities, and dynastic developments that prepared the following reign.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch3>1276–1277: Religious Tensions, Court Affairs and Capetian Authority\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cp>In \u003Cstrong>1276\u003C/strong>, \u003Cstrong>Charles of Anjou\u003C/strong> ordered the release in \u003Cstrong>Provence\u003C/strong> of relapsed Jewish converts arrested by the Inquisition, illustrating the complexity of relations between princely power, ecclesiastical justice and religious minorities.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cimg src=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/Fils_du_roi_Robert_de_Clermont_et_Beatrice_FR_22297_P8.jpg\" alt=\"Sons of King Robert of Clermont and Beatrice\" class=\"kb-img-contain\">\n\u003Cem>Sons of King Robert of Clermont and Beatrice: Unknown author, Public Domain, Via Wikimedia Commons\u003C/em>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Shortly after, \u003Cstrong>Robert of France\u003C/strong>, Count of \u003Cstrong>Clermont-en-Beauvaisis\u003C/strong> and sixth son of \u003Cstrong>Louis IX\u003C/strong>, married \u003Cstrong>Beatrice of Bourbon\u003C/strong>. This union carried lasting dynastic importance, since the future \u003Cstrong>House of Bourbon\u003C/strong> would descend from this branch.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>In \u003Cstrong>1277\u003C/strong>, the Bishop of \u003Cstrong>Paris\u003C/strong>, \u003Cstrong>Étienne Tempier\u003C/strong>, condemned several philosophical theses associated with Latin Averroism and certain positions from the reception of \u003Cstrong>Aristotle\u003C/strong>, illustrating the doctrinal tensions running through the \u003Cstrong>University of Paris\u003C/strong>, the kingdom’s principal intellectual centre.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Philip III\u003C/strong> also intervened as arbitrator in the conflict known as the \u003Cstrong>War of the Cow of Ciney\u003C/strong>, a bloody dispute that laid waste to some sixty villages in the Condroz, killing around 15,000 people — proof of the prestige still granted to the Capetian monarchy beyond its own borders.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The royal court was struck by a serious political affair with the execution, on \u003Cstrong>30 June 1277\u003C/strong>, of \u003Cstrong>Pierre de La Brosse\u003C/strong>, former chamberlain and royal favourite, accused of having contributed to the death of Prince \u003Cstrong>Louis\u003C/strong>, the king’s eldest son by \u003Cstrong>Isabella of Aragon\u003C/strong>.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cimg src=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Pierre_de_la_Brosse.jpg\" alt=\"Illustration of the execution of Pierre de la Brosse\" class=\"kb-img-contain\">\n\u003Cem>The execution of Pierre de la Brosse: British Library, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons\u003C/em>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>On \u003Cstrong>8 September 1278\u003C/strong>, the \u003Cstrong>Paréage of Andorra\u003C/strong> was signed between the Bishop of Urgell and the Count of Foix, fixing their respective rights over this Pyrenean territory — an agreement whose effects endure to the present day.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch3>1279–1281: Balance with England and Angevin Setbacks in the East\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cp>On \u003Cstrong>23 May 1279\u003C/strong>, the \u003Cstrong>Treaty of Amiens\u003C/strong> settled a dispute between the Capetian monarchy and the English crown: Philip III returned the \u003Cstrong>Agenais\u003C/strong> to \u003Cstrong>Edward I of England\u003C/strong>, in continuity with the policy of compromise engaged since the agreements concluded under \u003Cstrong>Louis IX\u003C/strong> with the Plantagenets.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>In \u003Cstrong>1280\u003C/strong>, the Balkan ambitions of \u003Cstrong>Charles I of Anjou\u003C/strong> suffered a setback with the defeat of his troops before \u003Cstrong>Berat\u003C/strong>, in \u003Cstrong>Albania\u003C/strong>, at the hands of Byzantine forces. This failure compromised Angevin projects in the Balkans and revealed the limits of their eastern expansion.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch3>1282–1284: The Sicilian Vespers and the Rise of Tensions with Aragon\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cp>\u003Ca class=\"kb-art-link\" href=\"/es/art/vespres-siciliennes-1282\" data-art-id=\"vespres-siciliennes-1282\">\u003Cimg src=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/I_vespri_siciliani_-_Michele_Rapisardi.JPG\" alt=\"The Sicilian Vespers\" class=\"kb-img-contain\" >\u003Cspan class=\"kb-art-badge\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u003Ci class=\"pi pi-image\">\u003C/i>\u003C/span>\u003C/a>\n\u003Cem>The Sicilian Vespers (1282): Davide Mauro, CC BY-SA 4.0 \u003Ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0\">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0\u003C/a>, via Wikimedia Commons\u003C/em>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>A major turning point came in \u003Cstrong>1282\u003C/strong> with the uprising of the \u003Cstrong>Sicilian Vespers\u003C/strong>. On \u003Cstrong>30 March\u003C/strong>, in \u003Cstrong>Palermo\u003C/strong>, the Sicilian population revolted against Angevin domination and massacred many Frenchmen. The movement, supported by \u003Cstrong>Peter III of Aragon\u003C/strong> and favoured by Byzantine diplomacy, rapidly brought down the domination of \u003Cstrong>Charles of Anjou\u003C/strong> over the island of \u003Cstrong>Sicily\u003C/strong>.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Charles of Anjou\u003C/strong> was forced to abandon Sicily to \u003Cstrong>Aragon\u003C/strong>, though he retained the kingdom of \u003Cstrong>Naples\u003C/strong>. In the kingdom, \u003Cstrong>Philip III\u003C/strong> continued his policy of enlarging the royal domain: in \u003Cstrong>1282\u003C/strong> he acquired the \u003Cstrong>county of Guînes\u003C/strong>, and in \u003Cstrong>1284\u003C/strong>, upon the death of \u003Cstrong>Peter I of Alençon\u003C/strong>, the \u003Cstrong>county of Chartres\u003C/strong> reverted to the crown.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>In \u003Cstrong>1283\u003C/strong>, a new \u003Cstrong>ordinance on Jews\u003C/strong>, issued at \u003Cstrong>Corbeil\u003C/strong>, restricted their residence to the largest localities, provoking a wave of emigration. Pope \u003Cstrong>Martin IV\u003C/strong> declared \u003Cstrong>Peter III\u003C/strong> deposed and attributed the Aragonese crown to \u003Cstrong>Charles of Valois\u003C/strong>, Philip III’s second son, providing a pontifical legal basis for a future French intervention.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>In \u003Cstrong>1284\u003C/strong>, the most significant dynastic event of the reign occurred: the marriage of the future \u003Cstrong>Philip IV the Fair\u003C/strong> to \u003Cstrong>Joan of Navarre\u003C/strong>, bringing the kingdoms of \u003Cstrong>Navarre\u003C/strong> and \u003Cstrong>Champagne\u003C/strong> to the French crown. The same year, however, the Angevins suffered a heavy naval defeat in the bay of \u003Cstrong>Naples\u003C/strong>, where \u003Cstrong>Charles II of Anjou\u003C/strong> was beaten and captured.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>III. 1285: The Aragonese Crusade and the Death of Philip III\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>In \u003Cstrong>1285\u003C/strong>, the Sicilian crisis led to a direct French intervention in the Iberian Peninsula. The Pope, having attributed the crown of \u003Cstrong>Aragon\u003C/strong> to \u003Cstrong>Charles of Valois\u003C/strong>, pressed for an expedition against \u003Cstrong>Peter III\u003C/strong>. Philip III personally led the \u003Cstrong>Aragonese Crusade\u003C/strong>.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cimg src=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Aragonese_Crusade.PNG\" alt=\"The route of the Aragonese Crusade\" class=\"kb-img-contain\">\n\u003Cem>The route of the Aragonese Crusade: Srnec, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons\u003C/em>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Setting out in spring \u003Cstrong>1285\u003C/strong>, the French army entered \u003Cstrong>Roussillon\u003C/strong> then advanced into \u003Cstrong>Catalonia\u003C/strong>. The expedition ran into serious logistical and sanitary difficulties. Aragonese resistance, combined with the successes of the Catalan fleet commanded by \u003Cstrong>Roger de Lauria\u003C/strong>, rapidly compromised the enterprise. On \u003Cstrong>3–4 September 1285\u003C/strong>, the French fleet was defeated at the \u003Cstrong>Battle of Formigues\u003C/strong>.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cimg src=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Combat_de_deux_nefs_medievales.jpg\" alt=\"Battle of Formigues\" class=\"kb-img-contain\">\n\u003Cem>Battle of Formigues: Anonymous artist, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons\u003C/em>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Weakened by disease, probably \u003Cstrong>malaria\u003C/strong>, Philip III ordered the retreat. The king died at \u003Cstrong>Perpignan\u003C/strong> on \u003Cstrong>5 October 1285\u003C/strong> during his army’s withdrawal. His death ended a fifteen-year reign marked by the continuity of Capetian work, but also by the monarchy’s growing entanglement in Mediterranean and Angevin affairs.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>His son succeeded him as \u003Cstrong>Philip IV the Fair\u003C/strong>, opening a new phase of Capetian history characterised by an even more pronounced strengthening of royal authority.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🧠 Key Points to Remember\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Philip III’s accession (1271) came with a decisive territorial gain\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>The \u003Cstrong>canonisation process of Louis IX\u003C/strong> (inquiry opened 1273, proclaimed 1297)\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Philip III’s reign was marked by deepening entanglement in \u003Cstrong>Mediterranean and Angevin affairs\u003C/strong>\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>The \u003Cstrong>Sicilian Vespers (1282)\u003C/strong>\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>The marriage of \u003Cstrong>Philip the Fair to Joan of Navarre (1284)\u003C/strong>\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>The \u003Cstrong>Aragonese Crusade (1285)\u003C/strong>\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n",[20,23,26,29,32,35,38,41,44],{"id":21,"title":22},"p5ch10z1","1270–1271: Accession and Coronation of Philip III",{"id":24,"title":25},"p5ch10z2","1271: Toulouse and the Apanages Return to the Domain",{"id":27,"title":28},"p5ch10z3","1274: Council of Lyon, the Papacy and Capetian Diplomacy",{"id":30,"title":31},"p5ch10z4","1282: The Sicilian Vespers and the Mediterranean Conflagration",{"id":33,"title":34},"p5ch10z5","1284: The Marriage of Philip (future Philip IV) and Joan of Navarre",{"id":36,"title":37},"p5ch10z6","1285: The Aragonese Crusade and the Death of Philip III",{"id":39,"title":40},"p5ch10z7","1272: Foix and Armagnac, the Royal Host against the Vassals",{"id":42,"title":43},"p5ch10z8","1279: Treaty of Amiens and Concessions to England",{"id":45,"title":46},"p5ch10z9","1278: Pierre de La Brosse, Favour and Fall","cover-p5ch10",true,false,"","1270 à 1285","Retour au domaine en 1271, concile de Lyon, Vêpres siciliennes et croisade d’Aragon (1270–1285). The death of Louis IX before Tunis in 1270 opens a new stage","/assets/covers/cover-p5ch10.jpg",{"period":55,"chapters":60},{"id":5,"title":6,"titleEn":7,"titleEs":6,"coverArtworkId":56,"range":9,"rangeEn":9,"rangeEs":9,"cover":57},"bataille-bouvines",{"fileName":50,"filePageUrl":58,"imageUrl":59,"sourceLabel":14},"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bataille_de_Bouvines_gagnee_par_Philippe_Auguste.jpg","/assets/carousels/p5/Bataille_de_Bouvines_gagnee_par_Philippe_Auguste.jpg",[61,67,74,81,88,95,102,109,116,123,125,132,139,146,153,160,167,173,179],{"id":62,"title":63,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":64,"thumbnailArtworkId":50,"hasEn":48,"isFallback":49,"teaser":65,"coverFit":50,"coverPosition":50,"chronicle":66,"realm":50,"ready":48},"p5ch1","Hugh Capet: The Birth of the Capetian Dynasty (987–996)","/assets/covers/cover-p5ch1.jpg","Élection de 987, association de Robert II, consolidation capétienne (987–996).","987 à 996",{"id":68,"title":69,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":70,"thumbnailArtworkId":71,"hasEn":48,"isFallback":49,"teaser":72,"coverFit":50,"coverPosition":50,"chronicle":73,"realm":50,"ready":48},"p5ch2","Robert II the Pious: Consolidating the Capetian Monarchy (996-1031)","/assets/covers/cover-p5ch2.jpg","cover-p5ch2","Règne de Robert II : Église, alliances, Bourgogne, tensions religieuses et succession (996–1031).","996 à 1031",{"id":75,"title":76,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":77,"thumbnailArtworkId":78,"hasEn":48,"isFallback":49,"teaser":79,"coverFit":50,"coverPosition":50,"chronicle":80,"realm":50,"ready":48},"p5ch3","Henry I: Preserving the Capetian Balance (1031-1060)","/assets/covers/cover-p5ch3.jpg","cover-p5ch3","Règne d’Henri Ier : rivalités princières, arbitrages, montée normande et association de Philippe (1031–1060).","1031 à 1060",{"id":82,"title":83,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":84,"thumbnailArtworkId":85,"hasEn":48,"isFallback":49,"teaser":86,"coverFit":50,"coverPosition":50,"chronicle":87,"realm":50,"ready":48},"p5ch4","Philip I: Enduring in Feudal France (1060-1108)","/assets/covers/cover-p5ch4.jpg","cover-p5ch4","Règne de Philippe Ier : régence, choc anglo-normand, crise matrimoniale et succession (1060–1108).","1060 à 1108",{"id":89,"title":90,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":91,"thumbnailArtworkId":92,"hasEn":48,"isFallback":49,"teaser":93,"coverFit":50,"coverPosition":50,"chronicle":94,"realm":50,"ready":48},"p5ch5","Louis VI: The King Against the Lords (1108–1137)","/assets/covers/cover-p5ch5.jpg","cover-p5ch5","Règne de Louis VI : pacification du domaine, alliances avec l’Église, communes et Oriflamme (1108–1137).","1108 à 1137",{"id":96,"title":97,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":98,"thumbnailArtworkId":99,"hasEn":48,"isFallback":49,"teaser":100,"coverFit":50,"coverPosition":50,"chronicle":101,"realm":50,"ready":48},"p5ch6","Louis VII: Crusade, Lost Aquitaine, and the Plantagenet Challenge (1137–1180)","/assets/covers/cover-p5ch6.jpg","cover-p5ch6","Règne de Louis VII : Vitry, Deuxième croisade, rupture avec Aliénor et affrontement Plantagenêt (1137–1180).","1137 à 1180",{"id":103,"title":104,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":105,"thumbnailArtworkId":106,"hasEn":48,"isFallback":49,"teaser":107,"coverFit":50,"coverPosition":50,"chronicle":108,"realm":50,"ready":48},"p5ch7","Philip II Augustus: The Affirmation of Capetian Power (1180–1223)","/assets/covers/cover-p5ch7.jpg","cover-p5ch7","Règne de Philippe Auguste : Normandie capétienne, Bouvines, Paris fortifié et montée en puissance (1180–1223).","1180 à 1223",{"id":110,"title":111,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":112,"thumbnailArtworkId":113,"hasEn":48,"isFallback":49,"teaser":114,"coverFit":50,"coverPosition":50,"chronicle":115,"realm":50,"ready":48},"p5ch8","Louis VIII the Lion: Southern Conquests and Capetian Succession (1223–1226)","/assets/covers/cover-p5ch8.jpg","cover-p5ch8","Règne bref et décisif : reconquête à l’ouest, Avignon, croisade albigeoise et régence de Blanche (1223–1226).","1223 à 1226",{"id":117,"title":118,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":119,"thumbnailArtworkId":120,"hasEn":48,"isFallback":49,"teaser":121,"coverFit":50,"coverPosition":50,"chronicle":122,"realm":50,"ready":48},"p5ch9","Louis IX (Saint Louis): Regency, Royal Justice and Crusades (1226–1270)","/assets/covers/cover-p5ch9.jpg","cover-p5ch9","Régence, paix du Midi, justice royale, Sainte‑Chapelle et croisades (1226–1270).","1226 à 1270",{"id":16,"title":17,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":53,"thumbnailArtworkId":47,"hasEn":48,"isFallback":49,"teaser":124,"coverFit":50,"coverPosition":50,"chronicle":51,"realm":50,"ready":48},"Retour au domaine en 1271, concile de Lyon, Vêpres siciliennes et croisade d’Aragon (1270–1285).",{"id":126,"title":127,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":128,"thumbnailArtworkId":129,"hasEn":48,"isFallback":49,"teaser":130,"coverFit":50,"coverPosition":50,"chronicle":131,"realm":50,"ready":48},"p5ch11","Philip IV the Fair: State, Taxation and Conflict with the Papacy (1285–1314)","/assets/covers/cover-p5ch11.jpg","cover-p5ch11","Flandre, États généraux, conflit avec la papauté, Templiers et Avignon (1285–1314).","1285 à 1314",{"id":133,"title":134,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":135,"thumbnailArtworkId":136,"hasEn":48,"isFallback":49,"teaser":137,"coverFit":50,"coverPosition":50,"chronicle":138,"realm":50,"ready":48},"p5ch12","Louis X the Quarrelsome: Dynastic Crisis and Reforms Under Pressure (1314–1316)","/assets/covers/cover-p5ch12.jpg","cover-p5ch12","Apaiser après 1314, ordonnances de 1315, et crise de succession de 1316.","1314 à 1316",{"id":140,"title":141,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":142,"thumbnailArtworkId":143,"hasEn":48,"isFallback":49,"teaser":144,"coverFit":50,"coverPosition":50,"chronicle":145,"realm":50,"ready":48},"p5ch13","Philip V the Tall: Stabilizing the Kingdom After the Crisis (1316–1322)","/assets/covers/cover-p5ch13.jpg","cover-p5ch13","Règle de succession, administration et maintien de l’ordre (1316–1322).","1316 à 1322",{"id":147,"title":148,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":149,"thumbnailArtworkId":150,"hasEn":48,"isFallback":49,"teaser":151,"coverFit":50,"coverPosition":50,"chronicle":152,"realm":50,"ready":48},"p5ch14","Charles IV the Fair: The Last Direct Capetian and Dynastic Shift (1322–1328)","/assets/covers/cover-p5ch14.jpg","cover-p5ch14","Gascogne et tensions franco-anglaises, Avignon, et crise dynastique (1322–1328).","1322 à 1328",{"id":154,"title":155,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":156,"thumbnailArtworkId":157,"hasEn":48,"isFallback":49,"teaser":158,"coverFit":50,"coverPosition":50,"chronicle":159,"realm":50,"ready":48},"p5ch15","Philip VI of Valois: A New Dynasty, A War Begins (1328–1350)","/assets/covers/cover-p5ch15.jpg","cover-p5ch15","Naissance des Valois, rupture de 1337, Crécy, Calais et peste noire (1328–1350).","1328 à 1350",{"id":161,"title":162,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":163,"thumbnailArtworkId":164,"hasEn":48,"isFallback":49,"teaser":165,"coverFit":50,"coverPosition":50,"chronicle":166,"realm":50,"ready":48},"p5ch16","John II the Good: Captivity, Internal Crisis, and the Treaty of Brétigny (1350–1364)","/assets/covers/cover-p5ch16.jpg","cover-p5ch16","Poitiers (1356), crise parisienne, Jacquerie et traité de Brétigny (1350–1364).","1350 à 1364",{"id":168,"title":169,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":170,"thumbnailArtworkId":50,"hasEn":48,"isFallback":49,"teaser":171,"coverFit":50,"coverPosition":50,"chronicle":172,"realm":50,"ready":48},"p5ch17","Carlos V el Sabio: reconquista, Estado y Cisma de Occidente (1364–1380)","/assets/covers/cover-p5ch17.jpg","Reconquête sous Charles V, du Guesclin et Schisme d’Occident (1364–1380).","1364 à 1380",{"id":174,"title":175,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":176,"thumbnailArtworkId":50,"hasEn":48,"isFallback":49,"teaser":177,"coverFit":50,"coverPosition":50,"chronicle":178,"realm":50,"ready":48},"p5ch18","Carlos VI: minoría, locura y guerra civil (1380–1422)","/assets/covers/cover-p5ch18.jpg","Minorité, révoltes urbaines, maladie du roi, guerre civile et traité de Troyes (1380–1422).","1380 à 1422",{"id":180,"title":181,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":50,"thumbnailArtworkId":50,"hasEn":49,"isFallback":48,"teaser":182,"coverFit":50,"coverPosition":50,"chronicle":183,"realm":50,"ready":49},"p5ch19","Charles VII : Jeanne d’Arc, reconquête et restauration de l’État (1422–1461)","Jeanne d’Arc, reconquête, Arras, réformes et consolidation de l’autorité royale (1422–1461).","1422 à 1461",1777502619573]