[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":190},["ShallowReactive",2],{"chapter:p5ch2:es":3,"chapters:p5:es":60},{"period":4,"chapter":15},{"id":5,"title":6,"titleEn":7,"titleEs":6,"coverArtworkId":8,"range":9,"rangeEn":9,"rangeEs":9,"cover":10},"p5","Plena Edad Media","High Middle Ages","hannibal-alpes","987 → 1453",{"fileName":11,"filePageUrl":12,"imageUrl":13,"sourceLabel":14},"Facade-notre-dame-paris-ciel-bleu.JPG","https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Facade-notre-dame-paris-ciel-bleu.JPG","/assets/p5-moyen-age-classique-cover.png","Wikimedia Commons",{"id":16,"title":17,"periodId":5,"html":18,"zooms":19,"thumbnailArtworkId":53,"hasEn":54,"isFallback":55,"coverFit":56,"coverPosition":56,"chronicle":57,"realm":56,"seoDescription":58,"thumbnailUrl":59},"p5ch2","Robert II the Pious: Consolidating the Capetian Monarchy (996-1031)","\u003Cp>In \u003Cstrong>996\u003C/strong>, Hugh Capet dies, but the dynasty does not collapse. His son \u003Cstrong>Robert II\u003C/strong>, already crowned since \u003Cstrong>Christmas 987\u003C/strong>, succeeds him without any vacancy. The new king inherits a still limited power, but with one decisive advantage: Capetian continuity has become a political habit.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>🔍 \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"/es/zoom/p5ch2z1\">Zoom - 996: A Successful Succession, a King Already Crowned\u003C/a>\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🧱 996-1000: Governing in a Kingdom of Princes\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>Robert rules in a world where the great feudal lords remain powerful. The king must work through coalitions, arbitrate rivalries, and rely on bishops to hold the kingdom’s key centres together. This monarchy is built less through conquest than through presence, justice, and networks.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>But Robert is also a king closely tied to the Church: his education and clerical entourage strengthen the image of a ruler concerned with Christian order. That closeness gives him authority, but it also imposes constraints.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cimg src=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/Sacre_Robert_II_de_France.jpg\" alt=\"Coronation of Robert II of France\" class=\"kb-img-contain\">\n\u003Cem>Coronation of Robert II of France, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons\u003C/em>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>At the end of the 10th century, several major developments reinforce this framework. Around \u003Cstrong>999\u003C/strong>, the pope confirms the privileged role of the archbishop of \u003Cstrong>Reims\u003C/strong> in the coronation of kings, strengthening an already old tradition. This gesture greatly reinforces the link between Capetian monarchy and religious legitimacy by placing the coronation permanently at the heart of royal tradition.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>At the same time, Western Europe remains open to the outside world: around \u003Cstrong>999\u003C/strong>, Norman warriors appear in southern Italy, illustrating the mobility of military elites and the connections between the different regions of Christendom.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>💍 996-1004: Marriage, Scandal, and Relations with Rome\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>The king’s married life becomes a public matter: Robert seeks dynastic alliances, but the Church weighs heavily on the legitimacy of princely unions. The most striking episode is his marriage to \u003Cstrong>Bertha of Burgundy\u003C/strong>, judged too close by kinship, which triggers both a religious and a political crisis.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cimg src=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Excommunication_de_Robert_le_Pieux-Jean-Paul_Laurens-IMG_8140.JPG\" alt=\"Excommunication of Robert the Pious\">\n\u003Cem>Excommunication of Robert the Pious - Jean-Paul Laurens\u003C/em>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>After this break, Robert seeks a new alliance. Before \u003Cstrong>25 August 1003\u003C/strong>, he marries \u003Cstrong>Constance of Arles\u003C/strong>, from the Provençal nobility. This marriage brings a new southern influence into the Capetian court, but it also creates lasting internal tensions, especially with some of the great men of the kingdom and even within the royal family itself.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>🔍 \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"/es/zoom/p5ch2z2\">Zoom - 996-1004: Bertha of Burgundy, Interdict, and Compromise\u003C/a>\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🏰 1002-1016: Burgundy, a Major Turning Point\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>Robert’s policy takes on a new scale with the \u003Cstrong>Burgundian question\u003C/strong>, which becomes the main territorial issue at the start of his reign.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>In \u003Cstrong>1002\u003C/strong>, the death of Duke \u003Cstrong>Henry I of Burgundy\u003C/strong> without an heir opens a succession crisis. Two claimants face each other:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Count \u003Cstrong>Otto-William\u003C/strong>, already powerful in Burgundy and supported locally\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>King \u003Cstrong>Robert II\u003C/strong>, nephew of the deceased duke, who claims the ducal inheritance\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Cp>This conflict goes beyond a simple dynastic quarrel: it pits a local princely logic against the assertion of Capetian power.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>As early as \u003Cstrong>1003\u003C/strong>, Robert intervenes militarily, notably with the support of \u003Cstrong>Richard II of Normandy\u003C/strong>, but fails before \u003Cstrong>Auxerre\u003C/strong>. This first campaign reveals the limits of royal power when confronted with well-established local forces. The war therefore stretches over time.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>In the early 1010s, the political context remains unstable. Tensions are not limited to Burgundy: in neighbouring Lotharingia, conflicts such as the \u003Cstrong>investiture war of Metz and Trier (1008-1013)\u003C/strong> show how deeply rivalries between princes, bishops, and emperor structure the whole West. Burgundy belongs to the same game of influence between secular and ecclesiastical powers.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>At the same time, the king strengthens his moral authority. In \u003Cstrong>1010-1011\u003C/strong>, he proclaims the \u003Cstrong>Peace of God at Orleans\u003C/strong>, joining a movement intended to frame feudal violence. This religious legitimacy indirectly supports his political action, especially in disputed regions.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The war resumes more successfully. In \u003Cstrong>1005\u003C/strong>, Robert leads a new campaign: he does not manage to take \u003Cstrong>Dijon\u003C/strong>, but he captures key positions such as \u003Cstrong>Avallon\u003C/strong> and then \u003Cstrong>Auxerre\u003C/strong>. Through military pressure and negotiation, he gradually weakens his opponents.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The decisive turning point comes in the following years. In \u003Cstrong>1015\u003C/strong>, Robert makes a major advance:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>he seizes \u003Cstrong>Sens\u003C/strong> by surprise\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>he enters \u003Cstrong>Dijon\u003C/strong> with the support of the local bishop\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>he consolidates his control over the main centres of the duchy\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Cp>The conquest of Burgundy is then practically complete. A compromise is reached:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Robert places his son \u003Cstrong>Henry\u003C/strong> at the head of the duchy\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Otto-William\u003C/strong> keeps his eastern possessions (County of Burgundy, Macon, Besancon)\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Cp>This settlement stabilises the region for the long term while affirming Capetian authority.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>This war is decisive: it marks one of the first major territorial successes of the Capetians. Without creating a centralised state, Robert succeeds in extending his influence over a region rich in towns, ecclesiastical networks, and resources.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Burgundy thus becomes a \u003Cstrong>pillar of rising Capetian power\u003C/strong>, illustrating the king’s typical strategy: advance slowly, combine war, alliances, and compromise, and turn a political victory into lasting control.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>🔍 \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"/es/zoom/p5ch2z3\">Zoom - Burgundy: A Capetian Stake (1002-1016)\u003C/a>\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🕊️ Robert and the Peace of God (1010-1030)\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>The \u003Cstrong>Peace of God\u003C/strong> is a conciliar movement led by bishops, born in southern Gaul at the end of the 10th century in a context of political recomposition and growing local violence. Carried by the Church, it aims to frame conflicts and protect the most vulnerable populations.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The first assemblies, such as the council of \u003Cstrong>Charroux (989)\u003C/strong>, establish precise prohibitions: attacks on Church property, violence against clerics, peasants, or the poor. These decisions are often accompanied by \u003Cstrong>collective oaths\u003C/strong>, sworn on relics, which give them a strong religious dimension.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>At the beginning of the 11th century, the movement spreads and becomes more structured. In \u003Cstrong>1010\u003C/strong>, an important council is held at \u003Cstrong>Poitiers\u003C/strong>, under the authority of \u003Cstrong>William V of Aquitaine\u003C/strong>, on the occasion of the translation of the relics of Saint Maixent. This ceremony illustrates the central role of princes and sanctuaries in the spread of the Peace of God.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Under \u003Cstrong>Robert II\u003C/strong>, the movement reaches the very heart of royal power. An assembly is held at \u003Cstrong>Orleans\u003C/strong> on \u003Cstrong>25 December 1010 or 1011\u003C/strong>, marking direct royal involvement. Other meetings follow, especially at \u003Cstrong>Compiegne\u003C/strong>, \u003Cstrong>Ivois\u003C/strong>, and \u003Cstrong>Hery\u003C/strong>, showing a desire to extend these principles to the whole kingdom.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>This cooperation between Church and monarchy helps redefine the functions of power. The Peace of God does not abolish war, but it tends to \u003Cstrong>regulate its forms\u003C/strong>, by distinguishing legitimate violence from violence that is not.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>🔍 \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"/es/zoom/p5ch2z10\">Zoom - Peace of God: Councils, Cluny, and Robert’s Politics (958-1038)\u003C/a>\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>👑 1017-1031: Asserting the Dynasty and Organising the Succession\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>After the territorial and religious consolidation of the beginning of the reign, Robert II now focuses on a central issue: the transmission of power.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>As early as \u003Cstrong>1017\u003C/strong>, he associates his eldest son with power. On \u003Cstrong>19 June\u003C/strong>, \u003Cstrong>Hugh\u003C/strong> is crowned king at \u003Cstrong>Compiegne\u003C/strong> before an assembly of the great men of the kingdom. Like Hugh Capet before him, Robert applies a strategy that has now become central: having his heir crowned during his lifetime in order to avoid any challenge.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>At the same time, the king asserts his presence throughout the kingdom. Between \u003Cstrong>1019 and 1020\u003C/strong>, he undertakes a long \u003Cstrong>pilgrimage through Aquitaine and the Midi\u003C/strong>, travelling nearly 1500 km. This journey is not only religious: it allows the king to display his authority in distant regions, strengthen his ties with sanctuaries, and cultivate his image as a Christian ruler.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>In \u003Cstrong>1020\u003C/strong>, Robert also continues his work of territorial consolidation with the \u003Cstrong>annexation of the County of Dreux\u003C/strong>, strengthening the royal domain in the heart of the kingdom.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🏰 Feudal Transformation: A World Being Rebuilt\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>Around \u003Cstrong>1020\u003C/strong>, the kingdom undergoes deep transformations in the exercise of local power. The Carolingian inheritance does not disappear abruptly, but it gradually evolves in favour of new forms of authority.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>In many regions, \u003Cstrong>lords of castles (castellani)\u003C/strong> emerge as the dominant actors. The castle becomes the centre of a territory of power, often called a \u003Cem>districtus\u003C/em>, from which the lord exercises functions that were once public:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>administering justice\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>levying taxes or dues\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>ensuring local defence\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Cp>This development is accompanied by a phenomenon often described as the \u003Cstrong>privatisation of justice\u003C/strong>: rights once attached to royal or comital authority gradually pass into the hands of local lords and tend to become \u003Cstrong>hereditary\u003C/strong>.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Within this new framework, a structured warrior elite appears: the \u003Cstrong>milites\u003C/strong> (knights), who serve the lords and take part in controlling territory. Society is thus reorganised around personal ties of loyalty, protection, and service.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>For King \u003Cstrong>Robert II\u003C/strong>, this reshaping of power has direct consequences. He can no longer rule only through authority inherited from the Carolingians. He must now:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>negotiate with lords rooted locally\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>rely on alliances and ecclesiastical networks\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>intervene at specific moments to restore balance\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Cp>Thus the Capetian monarchy does not disappear in this new world: it adapts. It becomes a power of \u003Cstrong>arbitration\u003C/strong>, presence, and legitimacy within a political landscape that is now fragmented but structured.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>⛪ 1022: The Shock of Orleans\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>In \u003Cstrong>1022\u003C/strong>, a case of heresy breaks out at \u003Cstrong>Orleans\u003C/strong>, at the very heart of Capetian power. It affects not marginal figures, but \u003Cstrong>canons close to the royal court\u003C/strong>, which gives the event exceptional significance.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The affair begins with accusations against a small group of clerics suspected of deviant doctrines. Ecclesiastical sources, often hostile, describe beliefs considered dangerous.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cimg src=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5b/Orl%C3%A9ans_heresy_in_1022_%28%C3%89._Bayard%29.png\" alt=\"Heresy at Orleans\" class=\"kb-img-contain\">\n\u003Cem>Heresy at Orleans - Source: Wikimedia Commons\u003C/em>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Even if these testimonies are probably exaggerated, they reflect a real anxiety about forms of religious dissent within the clergy itself.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The emotion is all the stronger because the case concerns a \u003Cstrong>royal city\u003C/strong>, closely tied to Capetian power. Robert II intervenes directly. A council is gathered at Orleans at the end of the year under his authority.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>On \u003Cstrong>28 December 1022\u003C/strong>, the accused are condemned and executed by fire. This is one of the first documented cases of \u003Cstrong>execution at the stake for heresy in the medieval West\u003C/strong>.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>This episode marks a turning point on several levels:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Religious\u003C/strong>: it shows the growing determination of the Church to define orthodoxy strictly and repress deviations\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Political\u003C/strong>: the king appears as the \u003Cstrong>guardian of the faith and of Christian order\u003C/strong>\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Social\u003C/strong>: the public repression is meant to prevent any spread of these ideas\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Cp>The affair of Orleans thus reveals an important change: religion becomes a central issue of power, and the defence of orthodoxy is imposed as a royal mission.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>It also foreshadows developments in later centuries, when the fight against heresy will take on increasing importance in medieval society.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>🔍 \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"/es/zoom/p5ch2z4\">Zoom - 1022: The Heresy of Orleans and Repression\u003C/a>\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>⚖️ 1023-1027: King, Princes, and Emperor\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>Despite these successes, royal power still faces powerful princes.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>In \u003Cstrong>1023\u003C/strong>, an assembly at \u003Cstrong>Compiegne\u003C/strong> reveals tensions with \u003Cstrong>Odo II of Blois\u003C/strong>, who refuses to appear there. A war begins between the king and this great prince, illustrating the fragility of Capetian authority in the face of the major principalities.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>That same year, Robert meets Emperor \u003Cstrong>Henry II\u003C/strong> at the \u003Cstrong>meeting of Yvois\u003C/strong> (August 1023). This event is important: the emperor gives up demanding homage from the king of the Franks, confirming the kingdom’s political independence from the Empire.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>During these years, political thought also develops. A letter by \u003Cstrong>Fulbert of Chartres\u003C/strong> formalises the duties of the vassal, while thinkers such as \u003Cstrong>Adalberon of Laon\u003C/strong> develop the idea of a society organised into \u003Cstrong>three orders\u003C/strong> - those who pray, those who fight, and those who work - a vision that will structure the medieval worldview for a long time.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>👑 1025-1027: Organising the Capetian Succession\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>The death of the eldest son \u003Cstrong>Hugh\u003C/strong> in \u003Cstrong>1025\u003C/strong> forces Robert to reorganise the succession.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>In \u003Cstrong>1026\u003C/strong>, an assembly of great men and bishops designates his second son, \u003Cstrong>Henry\u003C/strong>, as heir. This decision is accompanied by a fundamental principle: \u003Cstrong>primogeniture\u003C/strong>, defended notably by Fulbert of Chartres, begins to impose itself as the rule for transmitting power.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>This development is confirmed in \u003Cstrong>1027\u003C/strong>, when \u003Cstrong>Henry I\u003C/strong> is crowned king at \u003Cstrong>Reims\u003C/strong> during his father’s lifetime. This practice considerably strengthens Capetian dynastic stability.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>⚔️ 1030-1031: Family Tensions and the End of the Reign\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>The end of the reign of \u003Cstrong>Robert II the Pious\u003C/strong> is marked by internal tensions within the Capetian dynasty itself, revealing the monarchy’s continuing fragilities.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>In \u003Cstrong>1030\u003C/strong>, his sons \u003Cstrong>Henry\u003C/strong> (the designated heir) and \u003Cstrong>Robert\u003C/strong> revolt against their father. This dynastic conflict belongs to a broader context of aristocratic rivalries and struggles for influence around royal power. The princes seek to assert their autonomy and secure their own territorial bases.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The operations remain limited, however:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Robert\u003C/strong> seizes positions in Burgundy, notably \u003Cstrong>Beaune\u003C/strong> and \u003Cstrong>Avallon\u003C/strong>\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Henry\u003C/strong> carries out actions in the royal domain, especially toward \u003Cstrong>Dreux\u003C/strong>\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Cp>Faced with this challenge, the king reacts quickly. He intervenes personally in Burgundy - where he is attested at \u003Cstrong>Argilly\u003C/strong> in September 1030 - in order to regain control of the situation. A \u003Cstrong>reconciliation is finally concluded\u003C/strong>, without a decisive battle, illustrating the Capetian monarchy’s ability to contain internal crises through negotiation as much as through force.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>This episode highlights a structural reality: despite the progress achieved, the Capetian monarchy still rests on fragile balances, where family ties alone are not enough to guarantee political obedience.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>On \u003Cstrong>20 July 1031\u003C/strong>, Robert II dies after thirty-five years of reign. His son \u003Cstrong>Henry I\u003C/strong>, already crowned during his lifetime, succeeds him without any vacancy of power.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Despite the tensions at the end of the reign, the essential has been secured:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>dynastic transmission\u003C/strong> is maintained\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>the practice of \u003Cstrong>anticipatory coronation\u003C/strong> has borne fruit\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>the Capetian monarchy is now part of a \u003Cstrong>lasting continuity\u003C/strong>\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Cp>Robert II’s death does not mark a break, but rather the confirmation of a political model: a kingship still limited in its means, but now firmly established in time.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🧠 Key Takeaways\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>996: Robert II succeeds without rupture\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>999: Reims is confirmed as the centre of the royal coronation\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>1002-1005: gradual conquest of Burgundy\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>1003: marriage to Constance of Arles\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>The king rules through alliances and religious networks\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>1010-1030: Peace of God and the framing of society\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Growth of monastic influence (Cluny, Fleury)\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>1031: the dynasty is consolidated\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>Image Credits\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\n\u003Cp>Excommunication of Robert the Pious: Jean-Paul Laurens, CC BY-SA 2.0 FR \u003Ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/fr/deed.en\">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/fr/deed.en\u003C/a>, via Wikimedia Commons\u003C/p>\n\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\n\u003Cp>Heresy at Orleans: Emile Bayard, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons\u003C/p>\n\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\n\u003Cp>Coronation of Robert II of France: AnonymousUnknown author, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons\u003C/p>\n\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n",[20,23,26,29,32,35,38,41,44,47,50],{"id":21,"title":22},"p5ch2z1","996: A Successful Succession, a King Already Crowned",{"id":24,"title":25},"p5ch2z10","Peace of God: Councils, Cluny, and Robert's Politics (958-1038)",{"id":27,"title":28},"p5ch2z11","Fleury, Cluny, and Robert \"the Pious\": Reform and Royal Ideology",{"id":30,"title":31},"p5ch2z2","996-1004: Bertha of Burgundy, Interdict, and Compromise",{"id":33,"title":34},"p5ch2z3","Burgundy: A Capetian Stake (1002-1016)",{"id":36,"title":37},"p5ch2z4","1022: The Heresy of Orleans and Repression",{"id":39,"title":40},"p5ch2z5","1031: Succession and Capetian Continuity",{"id":42,"title":43},"p5ch2z6","1015-1016: Sens and Dijon, Locking the Approaches",{"id":45,"title":46},"p5ch2z7","\"Terrors of the Year 1000\": A Myth, a Concern for Salvation",{"id":48,"title":49},"p5ch2z8","\"Feudal Mutation\": Castles, Lordships, and New Equilibria",{"id":51,"title":52},"p5ch2z9","Carolingian Justice and the \"Castle Shock\" (9th century-ca. 1040)","cover-p5ch2",true,false,"","996 à 1031","Règne de Robert II : Église, alliances, Bourgogne, tensions religieuses et succession (996–1031). In 996 , Hugh Capet dies, but the dynasty does not collapse.","/assets/covers/cover-p5ch2.jpg",{"period":61,"chapters":66},{"id":5,"title":6,"titleEn":7,"titleEs":6,"coverArtworkId":62,"range":9,"rangeEn":9,"rangeEs":9,"cover":63},"bataille-bouvines",{"fileName":56,"filePageUrl":64,"imageUrl":65,"sourceLabel":14},"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bataille_de_Bouvines_gagnee_par_Philippe_Auguste.jpg","/assets/carousels/p5/Bataille_de_Bouvines_gagnee_par_Philippe_Auguste.jpg",[67,73,75,82,89,96,103,110,117,124,131,138,145,152,159,166,173,179,185],{"id":68,"title":69,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":70,"thumbnailArtworkId":56,"hasEn":54,"isFallback":55,"teaser":71,"coverFit":56,"coverPosition":56,"chronicle":72,"realm":56,"ready":54},"p5ch1","Hugh Capet: The Birth of the Capetian Dynasty (987–996)","/assets/covers/cover-p5ch1.jpg","Élection de 987, association de Robert II, consolidation capétienne (987–996).","987 à 996",{"id":16,"title":17,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":59,"thumbnailArtworkId":53,"hasEn":54,"isFallback":55,"teaser":74,"coverFit":56,"coverPosition":56,"chronicle":57,"realm":56,"ready":54},"Règne de Robert II : Église, alliances, Bourgogne, tensions religieuses et succession (996–1031).",{"id":76,"title":77,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":78,"thumbnailArtworkId":79,"hasEn":54,"isFallback":55,"teaser":80,"coverFit":56,"coverPosition":56,"chronicle":81,"realm":56,"ready":54},"p5ch3","Henry I: Preserving the Capetian Balance (1031-1060)","/assets/covers/cover-p5ch3.jpg","cover-p5ch3","Règne d’Henri Ier : rivalités princières, arbitrages, montée normande et association de Philippe (1031–1060).","1031 à 1060",{"id":83,"title":84,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":85,"thumbnailArtworkId":86,"hasEn":54,"isFallback":55,"teaser":87,"coverFit":56,"coverPosition":56,"chronicle":88,"realm":56,"ready":54},"p5ch4","Philip I: Enduring in Feudal France (1060-1108)","/assets/covers/cover-p5ch4.jpg","cover-p5ch4","Règne de Philippe Ier : régence, choc anglo-normand, crise matrimoniale et succession (1060–1108).","1060 à 1108",{"id":90,"title":91,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":92,"thumbnailArtworkId":93,"hasEn":54,"isFallback":55,"teaser":94,"coverFit":56,"coverPosition":56,"chronicle":95,"realm":56,"ready":54},"p5ch5","Louis VI: The King Against the Lords (1108–1137)","/assets/covers/cover-p5ch5.jpg","cover-p5ch5","Règne de Louis VI : pacification du domaine, alliances avec l’Église, communes et Oriflamme (1108–1137).","1108 à 1137",{"id":97,"title":98,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":99,"thumbnailArtworkId":100,"hasEn":54,"isFallback":55,"teaser":101,"coverFit":56,"coverPosition":56,"chronicle":102,"realm":56,"ready":54},"p5ch6","Louis VII: Crusade, Lost Aquitaine, and the Plantagenet Challenge (1137–1180)","/assets/covers/cover-p5ch6.jpg","cover-p5ch6","Règne de Louis VII : Vitry, Deuxième croisade, rupture avec Aliénor et affrontement Plantagenêt (1137–1180).","1137 à 1180",{"id":104,"title":105,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":106,"thumbnailArtworkId":107,"hasEn":54,"isFallback":55,"teaser":108,"coverFit":56,"coverPosition":56,"chronicle":109,"realm":56,"ready":54},"p5ch7","Philip II Augustus: The Affirmation of Capetian Power (1180–1223)","/assets/covers/cover-p5ch7.jpg","cover-p5ch7","Règne de Philippe Auguste : Normandie capétienne, Bouvines, Paris fortifié et montée en puissance (1180–1223).","1180 à 1223",{"id":111,"title":112,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":113,"thumbnailArtworkId":114,"hasEn":54,"isFallback":55,"teaser":115,"coverFit":56,"coverPosition":56,"chronicle":116,"realm":56,"ready":54},"p5ch8","Louis VIII the Lion: Southern Conquests and Capetian Succession (1223–1226)","/assets/covers/cover-p5ch8.jpg","cover-p5ch8","Règne bref et décisif : reconquête à l’ouest, Avignon, croisade albigeoise et régence de Blanche (1223–1226).","1223 à 1226",{"id":118,"title":119,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":120,"thumbnailArtworkId":121,"hasEn":54,"isFallback":55,"teaser":122,"coverFit":56,"coverPosition":56,"chronicle":123,"realm":56,"ready":54},"p5ch9","Louis IX (Saint Louis): Regency, Royal Justice and Crusades (1226–1270)","/assets/covers/cover-p5ch9.jpg","cover-p5ch9","Régence, paix du Midi, justice royale, Sainte‑Chapelle et croisades (1226–1270).","1226 à 1270",{"id":125,"title":126,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":127,"thumbnailArtworkId":128,"hasEn":54,"isFallback":55,"teaser":129,"coverFit":56,"coverPosition":56,"chronicle":130,"realm":56,"ready":54},"p5ch10","Philip III the Bold: Capetian Continuity and Mediterranean Crises (1270–1285)","/assets/covers/cover-p5ch10.jpg","cover-p5ch10","Retour au domaine en 1271, concile de Lyon, Vêpres siciliennes et croisade d’Aragon (1270–1285).","1270 à 1285",{"id":132,"title":133,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":134,"thumbnailArtworkId":135,"hasEn":54,"isFallback":55,"teaser":136,"coverFit":56,"coverPosition":56,"chronicle":137,"realm":56,"ready":54},"p5ch11","Philip IV the Fair: State, Taxation and Conflict with the Papacy (1285–1314)","/assets/covers/cover-p5ch11.jpg","cover-p5ch11","Flandre, États généraux, conflit avec la papauté, Templiers et Avignon (1285–1314).","1285 à 1314",{"id":139,"title":140,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":141,"thumbnailArtworkId":142,"hasEn":54,"isFallback":55,"teaser":143,"coverFit":56,"coverPosition":56,"chronicle":144,"realm":56,"ready":54},"p5ch12","Louis X the Quarrelsome: Dynastic Crisis and Reforms Under Pressure (1314–1316)","/assets/covers/cover-p5ch12.jpg","cover-p5ch12","Apaiser après 1314, ordonnances de 1315, et crise de succession de 1316.","1314 à 1316",{"id":146,"title":147,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":148,"thumbnailArtworkId":149,"hasEn":54,"isFallback":55,"teaser":150,"coverFit":56,"coverPosition":56,"chronicle":151,"realm":56,"ready":54},"p5ch13","Philip V the Tall: Stabilizing the Kingdom After the Crisis (1316–1322)","/assets/covers/cover-p5ch13.jpg","cover-p5ch13","Règle de succession, administration et maintien de l’ordre (1316–1322).","1316 à 1322",{"id":153,"title":154,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":155,"thumbnailArtworkId":156,"hasEn":54,"isFallback":55,"teaser":157,"coverFit":56,"coverPosition":56,"chronicle":158,"realm":56,"ready":54},"p5ch14","Charles IV the Fair: The Last Direct Capetian and Dynastic Shift (1322–1328)","/assets/covers/cover-p5ch14.jpg","cover-p5ch14","Gascogne et tensions franco-anglaises, Avignon, et crise dynastique (1322–1328).","1322 à 1328",{"id":160,"title":161,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":162,"thumbnailArtworkId":163,"hasEn":54,"isFallback":55,"teaser":164,"coverFit":56,"coverPosition":56,"chronicle":165,"realm":56,"ready":54},"p5ch15","Philip VI of Valois: A New Dynasty, A War Begins (1328–1350)","/assets/covers/cover-p5ch15.jpg","cover-p5ch15","Naissance des Valois, rupture de 1337, Crécy, Calais et peste noire (1328–1350).","1328 à 1350",{"id":167,"title":168,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":169,"thumbnailArtworkId":170,"hasEn":54,"isFallback":55,"teaser":171,"coverFit":56,"coverPosition":56,"chronicle":172,"realm":56,"ready":54},"p5ch16","John II the Good: Captivity, Internal Crisis, and the Treaty of Brétigny (1350–1364)","/assets/covers/cover-p5ch16.jpg","cover-p5ch16","Poitiers (1356), crise parisienne, Jacquerie et traité de Brétigny (1350–1364).","1350 à 1364",{"id":174,"title":175,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":176,"thumbnailArtworkId":56,"hasEn":54,"isFallback":55,"teaser":177,"coverFit":56,"coverPosition":56,"chronicle":178,"realm":56,"ready":54},"p5ch17","Carlos V el Sabio: reconquista, Estado y Cisma de Occidente (1364–1380)","/assets/covers/cover-p5ch17.jpg","Reconquête sous Charles V, du Guesclin et Schisme d’Occident (1364–1380).","1364 à 1380",{"id":180,"title":181,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":182,"thumbnailArtworkId":56,"hasEn":54,"isFallback":55,"teaser":183,"coverFit":56,"coverPosition":56,"chronicle":184,"realm":56,"ready":54},"p5ch18","Carlos VI: minoría, locura y guerra civil (1380–1422)","/assets/covers/cover-p5ch18.jpg","Minorité, révoltes urbaines, maladie du roi, guerre civile et traité de Troyes (1380–1422).","1380 à 1422",{"id":186,"title":187,"periodId":5,"thumbnailUrl":56,"thumbnailArtworkId":56,"hasEn":55,"isFallback":54,"teaser":188,"coverFit":56,"coverPosition":56,"chronicle":189,"realm":56,"ready":55},"p5ch19","Charles VII : Jeanne d’Arc, reconquête et restauration de l’État (1422–1461)","Jeanne d’Arc, reconquête, Arras, réformes et consolidation de l’autorité royale (1422–1461).","1422 à 1461",1777502619271]