[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":25},["ShallowReactive",2],{"zoom:p5ch16z20-september-19-1356-battle-of-poitiers-nouaille-maupertuis:es":3},{"period":4,"chapter":15,"zoom":18},{"id":5,"title":6,"titleEn":7,"titleEs":6,"coverArtworkId":8,"range":9,"rangeEn":9,"rangeEs":9,"cover":10},"p5","Plena Edad Media","High Middle Ages","hannibal-alpes","987 → 1453",{"fileName":11,"filePageUrl":12,"imageUrl":13,"sourceLabel":14},"Facade-notre-dame-paris-ciel-bleu.JPG","https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Facade-notre-dame-paris-ciel-bleu.JPG","/assets/p5-moyen-age-classique-cover.png","Wikimedia Commons",{"id":16,"title":17},"p5ch16","John II the Good: Captivity, Internal Crisis, and the Treaty of Brétigny (1350–1364)",{"id":19,"title":20,"chapterId":16,"html":21,"hasEn":22,"isFallback":23,"seoDescription":24},"p5ch16z20","September 19, 1356: Battle of Poitiers (Nouaillé‑Maupertuis)","\u003Cp>In \u003Cstrong>1356\u003C/strong>, the war resumes in the form of great raids. The \u003Cstrong>Black Prince\u003C/strong> devastates the country and seeks to avoid pitched battle: English strategy is to oblige the opponent to attack a chosen position, under fire from the \u003Cstrong>longbow\u003C/strong>, then counter-attack.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🐎 The 1356 Campaign: Plundering and Pursuit\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>In the summer of \u003Cstrong>1356\u003C/strong>, the Black Prince sets out from Guyenne for a new campaign. He fails before \u003Cstrong>Bourges\u003C/strong>, but takes \u003Cstrong>Vierzon\u003C/strong> and its garrison is slaughtered. Laden with plunder, the English army attempts to return to \u003Cstrong>Bordeaux\u003C/strong>.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>John II launches in pursuit with a larger army, dominated by heavy-armed cavalry. The stakes are not merely military: the nobility wants to restore its prestige after Crécy and respond to the implicit accusation of impotence to protect the country.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>⛪ Mediation and English Preparation\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>Before the confrontation, a mediation attempts to obtain a short truce. This delay profits the English: they entrench and prepare defensive positions. The longbow, through its rate of fire, plays a central role in this “stopping war” where the assailant pays dearly for the assault.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>⚔️ French Disorder and Clash of Vanguards\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>On the morning of \u003Cstrong>September 19, 1356\u003C/strong>, an English movement is interpreted contradictorily by French commanders. Two marshals disagree on how to proceed and engage action without full coordination.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Combats open in poor conditions: attacks on sunken roads, misaligned lines, and heavy losses under archer fire. Battles are engaged then disorderly, which amplifies English advantage.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>👑 The King on Foot, the Capture, and the Image of the “Knight-King”\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>To reduce the vulnerability of horses, the king orders dismounting and fights at close range. He sets his sons to safety, keeping only the youngest, \u003Cstrong>Philip\u003C/strong>, who then earns his nickname “\u003Cstrong>the Bold\u003C/strong>.”\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>John II is finally taken prisoner with his son. The defeat is a political disaster, but the king’s resistance until the end nourishes a lasting image: that of a sovereign who is chivalric and heroic despite failure.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>🧠 To Remember\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Poitiers is both a military defeat and a crisis of sovereignty.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>The battle reveals divisions of command and French tactical fragility.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>The king’s capture triggers a chain of crises (finances, Estates, Paris).\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n",true,false,"In 1356 , the war resumes in the form of great raids. The Black Prince devastates the country and seeks to avoid pitched battle: English strategy is to oblige",1777502698638]