1339–1349: Montpellier, Sovereignty, and Purchase from Majorca

Montpellier is a typical case of ambiguous feudal sovereignty: the town is in the space of the Kingdom of France, but belongs to the King of Majorca by inheritance. In wartime, this ambiguity becomes a strategic gap.

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⚖️ Homage and Challenge

In 1331, James III of Majorca renders homage to Philip VI for Montpellier. But the relationship remains fragile: Montpellier is economically turned toward Languedoc, uses French currencies widely, and seeks to preserve its liberties.

In 1339, Philip VI demands renewal of homage. James III doubts the legality of the act and defers to the pope. He then multiplies signs of independence, in a context where Aragon seeks to isolate Majorca.

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🗝️ Seizures, Then Sale (April 18, 1349)

Philip VI seizes Montpellier and associated territories. James III, isolated and beaten by Aragonese offensive, finally resolves to sell: on April 18, 1349, he resells Montpellier to the King of France for 120,000 gold écus, while preserving certain rights until his death.

James III dies on October 25, 1349: Montpellier then enters fully into the French crown.

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🧠 Key Points to Remember

• Montpellier illustrates the “puzzle” sovereignty of the age.
• 1349: purchase transforms feudal dependence into direct royal possession.